payloadcms/docs/plugins/nested-docs.mdx

---
title: Nested Docs Plugin
label: Nested Docs
order: 20
desc: Nested documents in a parent, child, and sibling relationship.
keywords: plugins, nested, documents, parent, child, sibling, relationship
---

[![NPM](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@payloadcms/plugin-nested-docs)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@payloadcms/plugin-nested-docs)

This plugin allows you to easily nest the documents of your application inside of one another. It does so by adding a
new `parent` field onto each of your documents that, when selected, attaches itself to the parent's tree. When you edit
the great-great-grandparent of a document, for instance, all of its descendants are recursively updated. This is an
extremely powerful way of achieving hierarchy within a collection, such as parent/child relationship between pages.

Documents also receive a new `breadcrumbs` field. Once a parent is assigned, these breadcrumbs are populated based on
each ancestor up the tree. Breadcrumbs allow you to dynamically generate labels and URLs based on the document's
position in the hierarchy. Even if the slug of a parent document changes, or the entire tree is nested another level
deep, changes will cascade down the entire tree and all breadcrumbs will reflect those changes.

With this pattern you can perform whatever side-effects your applications needs on even the most deeply nested
documents. For example, you could easily add a custom `fullTitle` field onto each document and inject the parent's title
onto it, such as "Parent Title > Child Title". This would allow you to then perform searches and filters based on _that_
field instead of the original title. This is especially useful if you happen to have two documents with identical titles
but different parents.

<Banner type="info">
  This plugin is completely open-source and the [source code can be found here](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/packages/plugin-nested-docs). If you need help, check out our [Community Help](https://payloadcms.com/community-help). If you think you've found a bug, please [open a new issue](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/issues/new?assignees=&labels=plugin%3A%20nested-docs&template=bug_report.md&title=plugin-nested-docs%3A) with as much detail as possible.
</Banner>

##### Core features

- Automatically adds a `parent` relationship field to each document
- Allows for parent/child relationships between documents within the same collection
- Recursively updates all descendants when a parent is changed
- Automatically populates a `breadcrumbs` field with all ancestors up the tree
- Dynamically generate labels and URLs for each breadcrumb
- Supports localization

## Installation

Install the plugin using any JavaScript package manager like [Yarn](https://yarnpkg.com), [NPM](https://npmjs.com),
or [PNPM](https://pnpm.io):

```bash
  yarn add @payloadcms/plugin-nested-docs
```

## Basic Usage

In the `plugins` array of your [Payload config](https://payloadcms.com/docs/configuration/overview), call the plugin
with [options](#options):

```ts
import { buildConfig } from 'payload/config'
import nestedDocs from '@payloadcms/plugin-nested-docs'

const config = buildConfig({
  collections: [
    {
      slug: 'pages',
      fields: [
        {
          name: 'title',
          type: 'text',
        },
        {
          name: 'slug',
          type: 'text',
        },
      ],
    },
  ],
  plugins: [
    nestedDocs({
      collections: ['pages'],
      generateLabel: (_, doc) => doc.title,
      generateURL: (docs) => docs.reduce((url, doc) => `${url}/${doc.slug}`, ''),
    }),
  ],
})

export default config
```

### Fields

#### Parent

The `parent` relationship field is automatically added to every document which allows editors to choose another document
from the same collection to act as the direct parent.

#### Breadcrumbs

The `breadcrumbs` field is an array which dynamically populates all parent relationships of a document up to the top
level and stores the following fields.

| Field   | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `label` | The label of the breadcrumb. This field is automatically set to either the `collection.admin.useAsTitle` (if defined) or is set to the `ID` of the document. You can also dynamically define the `label` by passing a function to the options property of [`generateLabel`](#generateLabel). |
| `url`   | The URL of the breadcrumb. By default, this field is undefined. You can manually define this field by passing a property called function to the plugin options property of [`generateURL`](#generateURL).                                                                                    |

### Options

#### `collections`

An array of collections slugs to enable nested docs.

#### `generateLabel`

Each `breadcrumb` has a required `label` field. By default, its value will be set to the collection's `admin.useAsTitle`
or fallback the the `ID` of the document.

You can also pass a function to dynamically set the `label` of your breadcrumb.

```ts
// payload.config.ts
nestedDocs({
  //...
  generateLabel: (_, doc) => doc.title // NOTE: 'title' is a hypothetical field
})
```

The function takes two arguments and returns a string:

| Argument | Type     | Description                                  |
|----------|----------|----------------------------------------------|
| `docs`   | `Array`  | An array of the breadcrumbs up to that point |
| `doc`    | `Object` | The current document being edited            |

#### `generateURL`

A function that allows you to dynamically generate each breadcrumb `url`. Each `breadcrumb` has an optional `url` field
which is undefined by default. For example, you might want to format a full URL to contain all breadcrumbs up to
that point, like `/about-us/company/our-team`.

```ts
// payload.config.ts
nestedDocs({
  //...
  generateURL: (docs) => docs.reduce((url, doc) => `${url}/${doc.slug}`, ''), // NOTE: 'slug' is a hypothetical field
})
```

| Argument | Type     | Description                                  |
|----------|----------|----------------------------------------------|
| `docs`   | `Array`  | An array of the breadcrumbs up to that point |
| `doc`    | `Object` | The current document being edited            |

#### `parentFieldSlug`

When defined, the `parent` field will not be provided for you automatically, and instead, expects you to add your
own `parent` field to each collection manually. This gives you complete control over where you put the field in your
admin dashboard, etc. Set this property to the `name` of your custom field.

#### `breadcrumbsFieldSlug`

When defined, the `breadcrumbs` field will not be provided for you, and instead, expects you to add your
own `breadcrumbs` field to each collection manually. Set this property to the `name` of your custom field.

<Banner type="info">
  <strong>Note:</strong>
  <br />
  If you opt out of automatically being provided a `parent` or `breadcrumbs` field, you need to make sure that both fields are placed at the top-level of your document. They cannot exist within any nested data structures like a `group`, `array`, or `blocks`.
</Banner>

## Overrides

You can also extend the built-in `parent` and `breadcrumbs` fields per collection by using the `createParentField`
and `createBreadcrumbField` methods. They will merge your customizations overtop the plugin's base field configurations.

```ts
import { CollectionConfig } from "payload/types";
import { createParentField } from "@payloadcms/plugin-nested-docs/fields";
import { createBreadcrumbsField } from "@payloadcms/plugin-nested-docs/fields";

const examplePageConfig: CollectionConfig = {
  slug: "pages",
  fields: [
    createParentField(
      // First argument is equal to the slug of the collection
      // that the field references
      "pages",

      // Second argument is equal to field overrides that you specify,
      // which will be merged into the base parent field config
      {
        admin: {
          position: "sidebar",
        },
        // Note: if you override the `filterOptions` of the `parent` field,
        // be sure to continue to prevent the document from referencing itself as the parent like this:
        // filterOptions: ({ id }) => ({ id: {not_equals: id }})`
      }
    ),
    createBreadcrumbsField(
      // First argument is equal to the slug of the collection
      // that the field references
      "pages",

      // Argument equal to field overrides that you specify,
      // which will be merged into the base `breadcrumbs` field config
      {
        label: "Page Breadcrumbs",
      }
    ),
  ],
};
```

<Banner type="warning">
  <strong>Note:</strong>
  <br />
  If overriding the `name` of either `breadcrumbs` or `parent` fields, you must specify the `breadcrumbsFieldSlug` or `parentFieldSlug` respectively.
</Banner>

## Localization

This plugin supports localization by default. If the `localization` property is set in your Payload config,
the `breadcrumbs` field is automatically localized. For more details on how localization works in Payload, see
the [Localization](https://payloadcms.com/docs/localization/overview) docs.

## TypeScript

All types can be directly imported:

```ts
import { PluginConfig, GenerateURL, GenerateLabel } from '@payloadcms/plugin-nested-docs/types'
```

## Examples

The [Examples Directory](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/examples) contains an
official [Nested Docs Plugin Example](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/examples/nested-docs) which
demonstrates exactly how to configure this plugin in Payload and implement it on your front-end.
The [Templates Directory](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/templates) also contains an
official [Website Template](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/templates/website)
and [E-commerce Template](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/templates/ecommere), both of which use this
plugin.