034a26754f
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215 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: Global Configs
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label: Globals
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order: 30
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desc: Set up your Global config for your needs by defining fields, adding slugs and labels, establishing access control, tying in hooks and more.
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keywords: globals, config, configuration, documentation, Content Management System, cms, headless, javascript, node, react, nextjs
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---
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Globals are in many ways similar to [Collections](./collections), except that they correspond to only a single Document. You can define as many Globals as your application needs. Each Global Document is stored in the [Database](../database/overview) based on the [Fields](../fields/overview) that you define, and automatically generates a [Local API](../local-api/overview), [REST API](../rest-api/overview), and [GraphQL API](../graphql/overview) used to manage your Documents.
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Globals are the primary way to structure singletons in Payload, such as a header navigation, site-wide banner alerts, or app-wide localized strings. Each Global can have its own unique [Access Control](../access-control/overview), [Hooks](../hooks/overview), [Admin Options](#admin-options), and more.
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To define a Global Config, use the `globals` property in your [Payload Config](./overview):
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```ts
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import { buildConfig } from 'payload'
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export default buildConfig({
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// ...
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globals: [
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// highlight-line
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// Your Globals go here
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],
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})
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```
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<Banner type="success">
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**Tip:** If you have more than one Global that share the same structure,
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consider using a [Collection](./collections) instead.
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</Banner>
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## Config Options
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It's often best practice to write your Globals in separate files and then import them into the main [Payload Config](./overview).
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Here is what a simple Global Config might look like:
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```ts
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import { GlobalConfig } from 'payload'
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export const Nav: GlobalConfig = {
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slug: 'nav',
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fields: [
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{
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name: 'items',
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type: 'array',
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required: true,
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maxRows: 8,
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fields: [
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{
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name: 'page',
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type: 'relationship',
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relationTo: 'pages', // "pages" is the slug of an existing collection
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required: true,
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},
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],
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},
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],
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}
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```
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<Banner type="success">
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**Reminder:** For more complex examples, see the
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[Templates](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/templates) and
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[Examples](https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/tree/main/examples)
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directories in the Payload repository.
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</Banner>
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The following options are available:
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| Option | Description |
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| --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `access` | Provide Access Control functions to define exactly who should be able to do what with this Global. [More details](../access-control/globals). |
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| `admin` | The configuration options for the Admin Panel. [More details](#admin-options). |
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| `custom` | Extension point for adding custom data (e.g. for plugins) |
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| `dbName` | Custom table or collection name for this Global depending on the Database Adapter. Auto-generated from slug if not defined. |
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| `description` | Text or React component to display below the Global header to give editors more information. |
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| `endpoints` | Add custom routes to the REST API. [More details](../rest-api/overview#custom-endpoints). |
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| `fields` \* | Array of field types that will determine the structure and functionality of the data stored within this Global. [More details](../fields/overview). |
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| `graphQL` | Manage GraphQL-related properties related to this global. [More details](#graphql) |
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| `hooks` | Entry point for Hooks. [More details](../hooks/overview#global-hooks). |
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| `label` | Text for the name in the Admin Panel or an object with keys for each language. Auto-generated from slug if not defined. |
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| `lockDocuments` | Enables or disables document locking. By default, document locking is enabled. Set to an object to configure, or set to `false` to disable locking. [More details](../admin/locked-documents). |
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| `slug` \* | Unique, URL-friendly string that will act as an identifier for this Global. |
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| `typescript` | An object with property `interface` as the text used in schema generation. Auto-generated from slug if not defined. |
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| `versions` | Set to true to enable default options, or configure with object properties. [More details](../versions/overview#global-config). |
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| `forceSelect` | Specify which fields should be selected always, regardless of the `select` query which can be useful that the field exists for access control / hooks |
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_\* An asterisk denotes that a property is required._
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### Fields
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Fields define the schema of the Global. To learn more, go to the [Fields](../fields/overview) documentation.
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### Access Control
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[Global Access Control](../access-control/globals) determines what a user can and cannot do with any given Global Document. To learn more, go to the [Access Control](../access-control/overview) documentation.
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### Hooks
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[Global Hooks](../hooks/globals) allow you to tie into the lifecycle of your Documents so you can execute your own logic during specific events. To learn more, go to the [Hooks](../hooks/overview) documentation.
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## Admin Options
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The behavior of Globals within the [Admin Panel](../admin/overview) can be fully customized to fit the needs of your application. This includes grouping or hiding their navigation links, adding [Custom Components](../custom-components/overview), setting page metadata, and more.
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To configure Admin Options for Globals, use the `admin` property in your Global Config:
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```ts
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import { GlobalConfig } from 'payload'
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export const MyGlobal: GlobalConfig = {
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// ...
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admin: {
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// highlight-line
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// ...
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},
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}
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```
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The following options are available:
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| Option | Description |
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| ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `group` | Text or localization object used to group Collection and Global links in the admin navigation. Set to `false` to hide the link from the navigation while keeping its routes accessible. |
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| `hidden` | Set to true or a function, called with the current user, returning true to exclude this Global from navigation and admin routing. |
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| `components` | Swap in your own React components to be used within this Global. [More details](#custom-components). |
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| `preview` | Function to generate a preview URL within the Admin Panel for this Global that can point to your app. [More details](../admin/preview). |
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| `livePreview` | Enable real-time editing for instant visual feedback of your front-end application. [More details](../live-preview/overview). |
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| `hideAPIURL` | Hides the "API URL" meta field while editing documents within this collection. |
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| `meta` | Page metadata overrides to apply to this Global within the Admin Panel. [More details](../admin/metadata). |
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### Custom Components
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Globals can set their own [Custom Components](../custom-components/overview) which only apply to Global-specific UI within the [Admin Panel](../admin/overview). This includes elements such as the Save Button, or entire layouts such as the Edit View.
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To override Global Components, use the `admin.components` property in your Global Config:
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```ts
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import type { SanitizedGlobalConfig } from 'payload'
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export const MyGlobal: SanitizedGlobalConfig = {
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// ...
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admin: {
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components: {
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// highlight-line
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// ...
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},
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},
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}
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```
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The following options are available:
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#### General
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| Option | Description |
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| ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `elements` | Override or create new elements within the Edit View. [More details](#edit-view-options). |
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| `views` | Override or create new views within the Admin Panel. [More details](../custom-components/custom-views). |
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#### Edit View Options
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```ts
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import type { SanitizedGlobalConfig } from 'payload'
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export const MyGlobal: SanitizedGlobalConfig = {
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// ...
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admin: {
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components: {
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elements: {
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// highlight-line
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// ...
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},
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},
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},
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}
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```
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The following options are available:
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| Option | Description |
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| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `SaveButton` | Replace the default Save Button with a Custom Component. [Drafts](../versions/drafts) must be disabled. [More details](../custom-components/edit-view#savebutton). |
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| `SaveDraftButton` | Replace the default Save Draft Button with a Custom Component. [Drafts](../versions/drafts) must be enabled and autosave must be disabled. [More details](../custom-components/edit-view#savedraftbutton). |
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| `PublishButton` | Replace the default Publish Button with a Custom Component. [Drafts](../versions/drafts) must be enabled. [More details](../custom-components/edit-view#publishbutton). |
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| `PreviewButton` | Replace the default Preview Button with a Custom Component. [Preview](../admin/preview) must be enabled. [More details](../custom-components/edit-view#previewbutton). |
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<Banner type="success">
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**Note:** For details on how to build Custom Components, see [Building Custom
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Components](../custom-components/overview#building-custom-components).
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</Banner>
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## GraphQL
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You can completely disable GraphQL for this global by passing `graphQL: false` to your global config. This will completely disable all queries, mutations, and types from appearing in your GraphQL schema.
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You can also pass an object to the global's `graphQL` property, which allows you to define the following properties:
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| Option | Description |
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| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `name` | Override the name that will be used in GraphQL schema generation. |
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| `disableQueries` | Disable all GraphQL queries that correspond to this global by passing `true`. |
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| `disableMutations` | Disable all GraphQL mutations that correspond to this global by passing `true`. |
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## TypeScript
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You can import types from Payload to help make writing your Global configs easier and type-safe. There are two main types that represent the Global Config, `GlobalConfig` and `SanitizeGlobalConfig`.
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The `GlobalConfig` type represents a raw Global Config in its full form, where only the bare minimum properties are marked as required. The `SanitizedGlobalConfig` type represents a Global Config after it has been fully sanitized. Generally, this is only used internally by Payload.
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```ts
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import type { GlobalConfig, SanitizedGlobalConfig } from 'payload'
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```
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