Bump version for 1.7.2

Match a "does not exist" error message

Gemfile.lock

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 PATH
   remote: .
   specs:
-    kamal (1.5.1)
+    kamal (1.7.2)
       activesupport (>= 7.0)
       base64 (~> 0.2)
       bcrypt_pbkdf (~> 1.0)
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ PATH
       dotenv (~> 2.8)
       ed25519 (~> 1.2)
       net-ssh (~> 7.0)
-      sshkit (~> 1.21)
+      sshkit (>= 1.22.2, < 2.0)
       thor (~> 1.2)
+      x25519 (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.10)
       zeitwerk (~> 2.5)
 
 GEM
@@ -75,6 +76,8 @@ GEM
     mutex_m (0.2.0)
     net-scp (4.0.0)
       net-ssh (>= 2.6.5, < 8.0.0)
+    net-sftp (4.0.0)
+      net-ssh (>= 5.0.0, < 8.0.0)
     net-ssh (7.2.1)
     nokogiri (1.16.0-arm64-darwin)
       racc (~> 1.4)
@@ -151,9 +154,11 @@ GEM
       rubocop-rails
     ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
     ruby2_keywords (0.0.5)
-    sshkit (1.21.7)
+    sshkit (1.22.2)
+      base64
       mutex_m
       net-scp (>= 1.1.2)
+      net-sftp (>= 2.1.2)
       net-ssh (>= 2.8.0)
     stringio (3.1.0)
     thor (1.3.0)
@@ -161,6 +166,7 @@ GEM
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
     unicode-display_width (2.5.0)
     webrick (1.8.1)
+    x25519 (1.0.10)
     zeitwerk (2.6.12)
 
 PLATFORMS

bin/docs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require "stringio"
+
+def usage
+  puts "Usage: #{$0} <kamal_site_repo>"
+  exit 1
+end
+
+usage if ARGV.size != 1
+
+kamal_site_repo = ARGV[0]
+
+if !File.directory?(kamal_site_repo)
+  puts "Error: #{kamal_site_repo} is not a directory"
+  exit 1
+end
+
+DOCS = {
+  "accessory" => "Accessories",
+  "boot" => "Booting",
+  "builder" => "Builders",
+  "configuration" => "Configuration overview",
+  "env" => "Environment variables",
+  "healthcheck" => "Healthchecks",
+  "logging" => "Logging",
+  "registry" => "Docker Registry",
+  "role" => "Roles",
+  "servers" => "Servers",
+  "ssh" => "SSH",
+  "sshkit" => "SSHKit",
+  "traefik" => "Traefik"
+}
+
+class DocWriter
+  attr_reader :from_file, :to_file, :key, :heading, :body, :output, :in_yaml
+
+  def initialize(from_file, to_dir)
+    @from_file = from_file
+    @key = File.basename(from_file, ".yml")
+    @to_file = File.join(to_dir, "#{linkify(DOCS[key])}.md")
+    @body = File.readlines(from_file)
+    @heading = body.shift.chomp("\n")
+    @output = nil
+  end
+
+  def write
+    puts "Writing #{to_file}"
+    generate_markdown
+    File.write(to_file, output.string)
+  end
+
+  private
+    def generate_markdown
+      @output = StringIO.new
+
+      generate_header
+
+      place = :in_section
+
+      loop do
+        line = body.shift&.chomp("\n")
+        break if line.nil?
+
+        case place
+        when :new_section, :in_section
+          if line.empty?
+            output.puts
+            place = :new_section
+          elsif line =~ /^ *#/
+            generate_line(line, place: place)
+            place = :in_section
+          else
+            output.puts "```yaml"
+            output.print line
+            place = :in_yaml
+          end
+        when :in_yaml
+          if line =~ /^ *#/
+            output.puts "```"
+            generate_line(line, place: :new_section)
+            place = :in_section
+          else
+            output.puts
+            output.print line
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      output.puts "\n```" if place == :in_yaml
+    end
+
+    def generate_header
+      output.puts "---"
+      output.puts "title: #{heading[2..-1]}"
+      output.puts "---"
+      output.puts
+      output.puts heading
+      output.puts
+    end
+
+    def generate_line(line, place: :in_section)
+      line = line.gsub(/^ *#\s?/, "")
+
+      if line =~ /(.*)kamal docs ([a-z]*)(.*)/
+        line = "#{$1}[#{DOCS[$2]}](../#{linkify(DOCS[$2])})#{$3}"
+      end
+
+      if line =~ /(.*)https:\/\/kamal-deploy.org([a-z\/-]*)(.*)/
+        line = "#{$1}[#{titlify($2.split("/").last)}](#{$2})#{$3}"
+      end
+
+      if place == :new_section
+        output.puts "## [#{line}](##{linkify(line)})"
+      else
+        output.puts line
+      end
+    end
+
+    def linkify(text)
+      text.downcase.gsub(" ", "-")
+    end
+
+    def titlify(text)
+      text.capitalize.gsub("-", " ")
+    end
+end
+
+from_dir = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "../lib/kamal/configuration/docs")
+to_dir = File.join(kamal_site_repo, "docs/configuration")
+Dir.glob("#{from_dir}/*") do |from_file|
+  key = File.basename(from_file, ".yml")
+
+  DocWriter.new(from_file, to_dir).write
+end

kamal.gemspec

@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.executables = %w[ kamal ]
 
   spec.add_dependency "activesupport", ">= 7.0"
-  spec.add_dependency "sshkit", "~> 1.21"
+  spec.add_dependency "sshkit", ">= 1.22.2", "< 2.0"
   spec.add_dependency "net-ssh", "~> 7.0"
   spec.add_dependency "thor", "~> 1.2"
   spec.add_dependency "dotenv", "~> 2.8"
   spec.add_dependency "zeitwerk", "~> 2.5"
   spec.add_dependency "ed25519", "~> 1.2"
+  spec.add_dependency "x25519", "~> 1.0", ">= 1.0.10"
   spec.add_dependency "bcrypt_pbkdf", "~> 1.0"
   spec.add_dependency "concurrent-ruby", "~> 1.2"
   spec.add_dependency "base64", "~> 0.2"

lib/kamal.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 module Kamal
+  class ConfigurationError < StandardError; end
 end
 
 require "active_support"
 require "zeitwerk"
+require "yaml"
 
 loader = Zeitwerk::Loader.for_gem
 loader.ignore(File.join(__dir__, "kamal", "sshkit_with_ext.rb"))

lib/kamal/cli.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module Kamal::Cli
-  class LockError < StandardError; end
   class HookError < StandardError; end
+  class LockError < StandardError; end
 end
 
 # SSHKit uses instance eval, so we need a global const for ergonomics

lib/kamal/cli/accessory.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "boot [NAME]", "Boot new accessory service on host (use NAME=all to boot all accessories)"
   def boot(name, login: true)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       if name == "all"
         KAMAL.accessory_names.each { |accessory_name| boot(accessory_name) }
       else
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "upload [NAME]", "Upload accessory files to host", hide: true
   def upload(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
         on(hosts) do
           accessory.files.each do |(local, remote)|
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "directories [NAME]", "Create accessory directories on host", hide: true
   def directories(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
         on(hosts) do
           accessory.directories.keys.each do |host_path|
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "reboot [NAME]", "Reboot existing accessory on host (stop container, remove container, start new container; use NAME=all to boot all accessories)"
   def reboot(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       if name == "all"
         KAMAL.accessory_names.each { |accessory_name| reboot(accessory_name) }
       else
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "start [NAME]", "Start existing accessory container on host"
   def start(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
         on(hosts) do
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Started #{name} accessory"), verbosity: :debug
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "stop [NAME]", "Stop existing accessory container on host"
   def stop(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
         on(hosts) do
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Stopped #{name} accessory"), verbosity: :debug
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "restart [NAME]", "Restart existing accessory container on host"
   def restart(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do
         stop(name)
         start(name)
@@ -107,8 +107,9 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
     if name == "all"
       KAMAL.accessory_names.each { |accessory_name| details(accessory_name) }
     else
+      type = "Accessory #{name}"
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
-        on(hosts) { puts capture_with_info(*accessory.info) }
+        on(hosts) { puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*accessory.info), type: type }
       end
     end
   end
@@ -148,23 +149,25 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
   option :since, aliases: "-s", desc: "Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)"
   option :lines, type: :numeric, aliases: "-n", desc: "Number of log lines to pull from each server"
   option :grep, aliases: "-g", desc: "Show lines with grep match only (use this to fetch specific requests by id)"
+  option :grep_options, aliases: "-o", desc: "Additional options supplied to grep"
   option :follow, aliases: "-f", desc: "Follow logs on primary server (or specific host set by --hosts)"
   def logs(name)
     with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
       grep = options[:grep]
+      grep_options = options[:grep_options]
 
       if options[:follow]
         run_locally do
           info "Following logs on #{hosts}..."
-          info accessory.follow_logs(grep: grep)
+          info accessory.follow_logs(grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options)
-          exec accessory.follow_logs(grep: grep)
+          exec accessory.follow_logs(grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options)
         end
       else
         since = options[:since]
         lines = options[:lines].presence || ((since || grep) ? nil : 100) # Default to 100 lines if since or grep isn't set
 
         on(hosts) do
-          puts capture_with_info(*accessory.logs(since: since, lines: lines, grep: grep))
+          puts capture_with_info(*accessory.logs(since: since, lines: lines, grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options))
         end
       end
     end
@@ -173,17 +176,12 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "remove [NAME]", "Remove accessory container, image and data directory from host (use NAME=all to remove all accessories)"
   option :confirmed, aliases: "-y", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Proceed without confirmation question"
   def remove(name)
-    mutating do
+    confirming "This will remove all containers, images and data directories for #{name}. Are you sure?" do
-      if name == "all"
+      with_lock do
-        KAMAL.accessory_names.each { |accessory_name| remove(accessory_name) }
+        if name == "all"
-      else
+          KAMAL.accessory_names.each { |accessory_name| remove_accessory(accessory_name) }
-        confirming "This will remove all containers, images and data directories for #{name}. Are you sure?" do
+        else
-          with_accessory(name) do
+          remove_accessory(name)
-            stop(name)
-            remove_container(name)
-            remove_image(name)
-            remove_service_directory(name)
-          end
         end
       end
     end
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_container [NAME]", "Remove accessory container from host", hide: true
   def remove_container(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
         on(hosts) do
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Remove #{name} accessory container"), verbosity: :debug
@@ -203,7 +201,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_image [NAME]", "Remove accessory image from host", hide: true
   def remove_image(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
         on(hosts) do
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Removed #{name} accessory image"), verbosity: :debug
@@ -215,7 +213,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_service_directory [NAME]", "Remove accessory directory used for uploaded files and data directories from host", hide: true
   def remove_service_directory(name)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       with_accessory(name) do |accessory, hosts|
         on(hosts) do
           execute *accessory.remove_service_directory
@@ -249,4 +247,13 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Accessory < Kamal::Cli::Base
         accessory.hosts
       end
     end
+
+    def remove_accessory(name)
+      with_accessory(name) do
+        stop(name)
+        remove_container(name)
+        remove_image(name)
+        remove_service_directory(name)
+      end
+    end
 end

lib/kamal/cli/app.rb

@@ -1,43 +1,45 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "boot", "Boot app on servers (or reboot app if already running)"
   def boot
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
-      hold_lock_on_error do
+      say "Get most recent version available as an image...", :magenta unless options[:version]
-        say "Get most recent version available as an image...", :magenta unless options[:version]
+      using_version(version_or_latest) do |version|
-        using_version(version_or_latest) do |version|
+        say "Start container with version #{version} using a #{KAMAL.config.readiness_delay}s readiness delay (or reboot if already running)...", :magenta
-          say "Start container with version #{version} using a #{KAMAL.config.readiness_delay}s readiness delay (or reboot if already running)...", :magenta
 
-          # Assets are prepared in a separate step to ensure they are on all hosts before booting
+        # Assets are prepared in a separate step to ensure they are on all hosts before booting
-          on(KAMAL.hosts) do
+        on(KAMAL.hosts) do
-            KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
+          KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
-              Kamal::Cli::App::PrepareAssets.new(host, role, self).run
+            Kamal::Cli::App::PrepareAssets.new(host, role, self).run
-            end
           end
+        end
 
-          on(KAMAL.hosts, **KAMAL.boot_strategy) do |host|
+        # Primary hosts and roles are returned first, so they can open the barrier
-            KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
+        barrier = Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Barrier.new
-              Kamal::Cli::App::Boot.new(host, role, version, self).run
-            end
-          end
 
-          on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
+        on(KAMAL.hosts, **KAMAL.boot_strategy) do |host|
-            execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Tagging #{KAMAL.config.absolute_image} as the latest image"), verbosity: :debug
+          KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
-            execute *KAMAL.app.tag_latest_image
+            Kamal::Cli::App::Boot.new(host, role, self, version, barrier).run
           end
         end
+
+        # Tag once the app booted on all hosts
+        on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
+          execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Tagging #{KAMAL.config.absolute_image} as the latest image"), verbosity: :debug
+          execute *KAMAL.app.tag_latest_image
+        end
       end
     end
   end
 
   desc "start", "Start existing app container on servers"
   def start
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
         roles = KAMAL.roles_on(host)
 
         roles.each do |role|
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Started app version #{KAMAL.config.version}"), verbosity: :debug
-          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).start, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
+          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).start, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
         end
       end
     end
@@ -45,13 +47,13 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "stop", "Stop app container on servers"
   def stop
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
         roles = KAMAL.roles_on(host)
 
         roles.each do |role|
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Stopped app", role: role), verbosity: :debug
-          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).stop, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
+          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).stop, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
         end
       end
     end
@@ -64,12 +66,12 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
       roles = KAMAL.roles_on(host)
 
       roles.each do |role|
-        puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).info)
+        puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).info)
       end
     end
   end
 
-  desc "exec [CMD]", "Execute a custom command on servers (use --help to show options)"
+  desc "exec [CMD]", "Execute a custom command on servers within the app container (use --help to show options)"
   option :interactive, aliases: "-i", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Execute command over ssh for an interactive shell (use for console/bash)"
   option :reuse, type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Reuse currently running container instead of starting a new one"
   option :env, aliases: "-e", type: :hash, desc: "Set environment variables for the command"
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
       say "Get current version of running container...", :magenta unless options[:version]
       using_version(options[:version] || current_running_version) do |version|
         say "Launching interactive command with version #{version} via SSH from existing container on #{KAMAL.primary_host}...", :magenta
-        run_locally { exec KAMAL.app(role: KAMAL.primary_role).execute_in_existing_container_over_ssh(cmd, host: KAMAL.primary_host, env: env) }
+        run_locally { exec KAMAL.app(role: KAMAL.primary_role, host: KAMAL.primary_host).execute_in_existing_container_over_ssh(cmd, env: env) }
       end
 
     when options[:interactive]
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
       using_version(version_or_latest) do |version|
         say "Launching interactive command with version #{version} via SSH from new container on #{KAMAL.primary_host}...", :magenta
         run_locally do
-          exec KAMAL.app(role: KAMAL.primary_role).execute_in_new_container_over_ssh(cmd, host: KAMAL.primary_host, env: env)
+          exec KAMAL.app(role: KAMAL.primary_role, host: KAMAL.primary_host).execute_in_new_container_over_ssh(cmd, env: env)
         end
       end
 
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
           roles.each do |role|
             execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Executed cmd '#{cmd}' on app version #{version}", role: role), verbosity: :debug
-            puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).execute_in_existing_container(cmd, env: env))
+            puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).execute_in_existing_container(cmd, env: env))
           end
         end
       end
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
           roles.each do |role|
             execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Executed cmd '#{cmd}' on app version #{version}"), verbosity: :debug
-            puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).execute_in_new_container(cmd, env: env))
+            puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).execute_in_new_container(cmd, env: env))
           end
         end
       end
@@ -131,22 +133,21 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "stale_containers", "Detect app stale containers"
   option :stop, aliases: "-s", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Stop the stale containers found"
   def stale_containers
-    mutating do
+    stop = options[:stop]
-      stop = options[:stop]
-
-      cli = self
 
+    with_lock_if_stopping do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
         roles = KAMAL.roles_on(host)
 
         roles.each do |role|
-          versions = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).list_versions, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).split("\n")
+          app = KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host)
-          versions -= [ capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).current_running_version, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).strip ]
+          versions = capture_with_info(*app.list_versions, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).split("\n")
+          versions -= [ capture_with_info(*app.current_running_version, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).strip ]
 
           versions.each do |version|
             if stop
               puts_by_host host, "Stopping stale container for role #{role} with version #{version}"
-              execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).stop(version: version), raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
+              execute *app.stop(version: version), raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
             else
               puts_by_host host,  "Detected stale container for role #{role} with version #{version} (use `kamal app stale_containers --stop` to stop)"
             end
@@ -165,12 +166,15 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
   option :since, aliases: "-s", desc: "Show lines since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)"
   option :lines, type: :numeric, aliases: "-n", desc: "Number of lines to show from each server"
   option :grep, aliases: "-g", desc: "Show lines with grep match only (use this to fetch specific requests by id)"
+  option :grep_options, aliases: "-o", desc: "Additional options supplied to grep"
   option :follow, aliases: "-f", desc: "Follow log on primary server (or specific host set by --hosts)"
   def logs
     # FIXME: Catch when app containers aren't running
 
     grep = options[:grep]
+    grep_options = options[:grep_options]
     since = options[:since]
+
     if options[:follow]
       lines = options[:lines].presence || ((since || grep) ? nil : 10) # Default to 10 lines if since or grep isn't set
 
@@ -180,8 +184,9 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
         KAMAL.specific_roles ||= [ "web" ]
         role = KAMAL.roles_on(KAMAL.primary_host).first
 
-        info KAMAL.app(role: role).follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, lines: lines, grep: grep)
+        app = KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host)
-        exec KAMAL.app(role: role).follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, lines: lines, grep: grep)
+        info app.follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, lines: lines, grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options)
+        exec app.follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, lines: lines, grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options)
       end
     else
       lines = options[:lines].presence || ((since || grep) ? nil : 100) # Default to 100 lines if since or grep isn't set
@@ -191,7 +196,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
         roles.each do |role|
           begin
-            puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).logs(since: since, lines: lines, grep: grep))
+            puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).logs(since: since, lines: lines, grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options))
           rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed
             puts_by_host host, "Nothing found"
           end
@@ -202,7 +207,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove", "Remove app containers and images from servers"
   def remove
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       stop
       remove_containers
       remove_images
@@ -211,13 +216,13 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_container [VERSION]", "Remove app container with given version from servers", hide: true
   def remove_container(version)
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
         roles = KAMAL.roles_on(host)
 
         roles.each do |role|
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Removed app container with version #{version}", role: role), verbosity: :debug
-          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).remove_container(version: version)
+          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).remove_container(version: version)
         end
       end
     end
@@ -225,13 +230,13 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_containers", "Remove all app containers from servers", hide: true
   def remove_containers
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
         roles = KAMAL.roles_on(host)
 
         roles.each do |role|
           execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Removed all app containers", role: role), verbosity: :debug
-          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).remove_containers
+          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).remove_containers
         end
       end
     end
@@ -239,7 +244,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_images", "Remove all app images from servers", hide: true
   def remove_images
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Removed all app images"), verbosity: :debug
         execute *KAMAL.app.remove_images
@@ -251,7 +256,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
   def version
     on(KAMAL.hosts) do |host|
       role = KAMAL.roles_on(host).first
-      puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).current_running_version).strip
+      puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).current_running_version).strip
     end
   end
 
@@ -274,7 +279,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
       version = nil
       on(host) do
         role = KAMAL.roles_on(host).first
-        version = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).current_running_version).strip
+        version = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).current_running_version).strip
       end
       version.presence
     end
@@ -282,4 +287,12 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
     def version_or_latest
       options[:version] || KAMAL.config.latest_tag
     end
+
+    def with_lock_if_stopping
+      if options[:stop]
+        with_lock { yield }
+      else
+        yield
+      end
+    end
 end

lib/kamal/cli/app/boot.rb

@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::App::Boot
-  attr_reader :host, :role, :version, :sshkit
+  attr_reader :host, :role, :version, :barrier, :sshkit
-  delegate :execute, :capture_with_info, :info, to: :sshkit
+  delegate :execute, :capture_with_info, :capture_with_pretty_json, :info, :error, to: :sshkit
-  delegate :uses_cord?, :assets?, to: :role
+  delegate :uses_cord?, :assets?, :running_traefik?, to: :role
 
-  def initialize(host, role, version, sshkit)
+  def initialize(host, role, sshkit, version, barrier)
     @host = host
     @role = role
     @version = version
+    @barrier = barrier
     @sshkit = sshkit
   end
 
   def run
     old_version = old_version_renamed_if_clashing
 
-    start_new_version
+    wait_at_barrier if queuer?
+
+    begin
+      start_new_version
+    rescue => e
+      close_barrier if gatekeeper?
+      stop_new_version
+      raise
+    end
+
+    release_barrier if gatekeeper?
 
     if old_version
       stop_old_version(old_version)
@@ -21,18 +32,6 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App::Boot
   end
 
   private
-    def app
-      @app ||= KAMAL.app(role: role)
-    end
-
-    def auditor
-      @auditor = KAMAL.auditor(role: role)
-    end
-
-    def audit(message)
-      execute *auditor.record(message), verbosity: :debug
-    end
-
     def old_version_renamed_if_clashing
       if capture_with_info(*app.container_id_for_version(version), raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).present?
         renamed_version = "#{version}_replaced_#{SecureRandom.hex(8)}"
@@ -46,11 +45,17 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App::Boot
 
     def start_new_version
       audit "Booted app version #{version}"
+
       execute *app.tie_cord(role.cord_host_file) if uses_cord?
-      execute *app.run(hostname: "#{host}-#{SecureRandom.hex(6)}")
+      hostname = "#{host.to_s[0...51].gsub(/\.+$/, '')}-#{SecureRandom.hex(6)}"
+      execute *app.run(hostname: hostname)
       Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Poller.wait_for_healthy(pause_after_ready: true) { capture_with_info(*app.status(version: version)) }
     end
 
+    def stop_new_version
+      execute *app.stop(version: version), raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
+    end
+
     def stop_old_version(version)
       if uses_cord?
         cord = capture_with_info(*app.cord(version: version), raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).strip
@@ -64,4 +69,51 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App::Boot
 
       execute *app.clean_up_assets if assets?
     end
+
+    def release_barrier
+      if barrier.open
+        info "First #{KAMAL.primary_role} container is healthy on #{host}, booting any other roles"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def wait_at_barrier
+      info "Waiting for the first healthy #{KAMAL.primary_role} container before booting #{role} on #{host}..."
+      barrier.wait
+      info "First #{KAMAL.primary_role} container is healthy, booting #{role} on #{host}..."
+    rescue Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Error
+      info "First #{KAMAL.primary_role} container is unhealthy, not booting #{role} on #{host}"
+      raise
+    end
+
+    def close_barrier
+      if barrier.close
+        info "First #{KAMAL.primary_role} container is unhealthy on #{host}, not booting any other roles"
+        error capture_with_info(*app.logs(version: version))
+        error capture_with_info(*app.container_health_log(version: version))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def barrier_role?
+      role == KAMAL.primary_role
+    end
+
+    def app
+      @app ||= KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host)
+    end
+
+    def auditor
+      @auditor = KAMAL.auditor(role: role)
+    end
+
+    def audit(message)
+      execute *auditor.record(message), verbosity: :debug
+    end
+
+    def gatekeeper?
+      barrier && barrier_role?
+    end
+
+    def queuer?
+      barrier && !barrier_role?
+    end
 end

lib/kamal/cli/app/prepare_assets.rb

@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App::PrepareAssets
 
   private
     def app
-      @app ||= KAMAL.app(role: role)
+      @app ||= KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host)
     end
 end

lib/kamal/cli/base.rb

@@ -79,28 +79,27 @@ module Kamal::Cli
         puts "  Finished all in #{sprintf("%.1f seconds", runtime)}"
       end
 
-      def mutating
+      def with_lock
-        return yield if KAMAL.holding_lock?
+        if KAMAL.holding_lock?
-
-        run_hook "pre-connect"
-
-        ensure_run_and_locks_directory
-
-        acquire_lock
-
-        begin
           yield
-        rescue
+        else
-          if KAMAL.hold_lock_on_error?
+          ensure_run_and_locks_directory
-            error "  \e[31mDeploy lock was not released\e[0m"
+
-          else
+          acquire_lock
-            release_lock
+
+          begin
+            yield
+          rescue
+            begin
+              release_lock
+            rescue => e
+              say "Error releasing the deploy lock: #{e.message}", :red
+            end
+            raise
           end
 
-          raise
+          release_lock
         end
-
-        release_lock
       end
 
       def confirming(question)
@@ -141,16 +140,6 @@ module Kamal::Cli
         end
       end
 
-      def hold_lock_on_error
-        if KAMAL.hold_lock_on_error?
-          yield
-        else
-          KAMAL.hold_lock_on_error = true
-          yield
-          KAMAL.hold_lock_on_error = false
-        end
-      end
-
       def run_hook(hook, **extra_details)
         if !options[:skip_hooks] && KAMAL.hook.hook_exists?(hook)
           details = { hosts: KAMAL.hosts.join(","), command: command, subcommand: subcommand }
@@ -164,6 +153,15 @@ module Kamal::Cli
         end
       end
 
+      def on(*args, &block)
+        if !KAMAL.connected?
+          run_hook "pre-connect"
+          KAMAL.connected = true
+        end
+
+        super
+      end
+
       def command
         @kamal_command ||= begin
           invocation_class, invocation_commands = *first_invocation

lib/kamal/cli/build.rb

@@ -5,74 +5,84 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Build < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "deliver", "Build app and push app image to registry then pull image on servers"
   def deliver
-    mutating do
+    push
-      push
+    pull
-      pull
-    end
   end
 
   desc "push", "Build and push app image to registry"
   def push
-    mutating do
+    cli = self
-      cli = self
 
-      verify_local_dependencies
+    verify_local_dependencies
-      run_hook "pre-build"
+    run_hook "pre-build"
 
-      if (uncommitted_changes = Kamal::Git.uncommitted_changes).present?
+    uncommitted_changes = Kamal::Git.uncommitted_changes
-        say "The following paths have uncommitted changes:\n #{uncommitted_changes}", :yellow
+
+    if KAMAL.config.builder.git_clone?
+      if uncommitted_changes.present?
+        say "Building from a local git clone, so ignoring these uncommitted changes:\n #{uncommitted_changes}", :yellow
       end
 
       run_locally do
-        begin
+        Clone.new(self).prepare
-          KAMAL.with_verbosity(:debug) do
+      end
-            execute *KAMAL.builder.push
+    elsif uncommitted_changes.present?
-          end
+      say "Building with uncommitted changes:\n #{uncommitted_changes}", :yellow
-        rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
+    end
-          if e.message =~ /(no builder)|(no such file or directory)/
-            error "Missing compatible builder, so creating a new one first"
 
-            if cli.create
+    # Get the command here to ensure the Dir.chdir doesn't interfere with it
-              KAMAL.with_verbosity(:debug) { execute *KAMAL.builder.push }
+    push = KAMAL.builder.push
-            end
+
-          else
+    run_locally do
-            raise
+      begin
-          end
+        context_hosts = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.builder.context_hosts).split("\n")
+
+        if context_hosts != KAMAL.builder.config_context_hosts
+          warn "Context hosts have changed, so re-creating builder, was: #{context_hosts.join(", ")}], now: #{KAMAL.builder.config_context_hosts.join(", ")}"
+          cli.remove
+          cli.create
         end
+      rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
+        if e.message =~ /(context not found|no builder|does not exist)/
+          warn "Missing compatible builder, so creating a new one first"
+          cli.create
+        else
+          raise
+        end
+      end
+
+      KAMAL.with_verbosity(:debug) do
+        Dir.chdir(KAMAL.config.builder.build_directory) { execute *push }
       end
     end
   end
 
   desc "pull", "Pull app image from registry onto servers"
   def pull
-    mutating do
+    on(KAMAL.hosts) do
-      on(KAMAL.hosts) do
+      execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Pulled image with version #{KAMAL.config.version}"), verbosity: :debug
-        execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Pulled image with version #{KAMAL.config.version}"), verbosity: :debug
+      execute *KAMAL.builder.clean, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
-        execute *KAMAL.builder.clean, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
+      execute *KAMAL.builder.pull
-        execute *KAMAL.builder.pull
+      execute *KAMAL.builder.validate_image
-        execute *KAMAL.builder.validate_image
-      end
     end
   end
 
   desc "create", "Create a build setup"
   def create
-    mutating do
+    if (remote_host = KAMAL.config.builder.remote_host)
-      if (remote_host = KAMAL.config.builder.remote_host)
+      connect_to_remote_host(remote_host)
-        connect_to_remote_host(remote_host)
+    end
-      end
 
-      run_locally do
+    run_locally do
-        begin
+      begin
-          debug "Using builder: #{KAMAL.builder.name}"
+        debug "Using builder: #{KAMAL.builder.name}"
-          execute *KAMAL.builder.create
+        execute *KAMAL.builder.create
-        rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
+      rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
-          if e.message =~ /stderr=(.*)/
+        if e.message =~ /stderr=(.*)/
-            error "Couldn't create remote builder: #{$1}"
+          error "Couldn't create remote builder: #{$1}"
-            false
+          false
-          else
+        else
-            raise
+          raise
-          end
         end
       end
     end
@@ -80,11 +90,9 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Build < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove", "Remove build setup"
   def remove
-    mutating do
+    run_locally do
-      run_locally do
+      debug "Using builder: #{KAMAL.builder.name}"
-        debug "Using builder: #{KAMAL.builder.name}"
+      execute *KAMAL.builder.remove
-        execute *KAMAL.builder.remove
-      end
     end
   end
 
@@ -114,8 +122,11 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Build < Kamal::Cli::Base
     def connect_to_remote_host(remote_host)
       remote_uri = URI.parse(remote_host)
       if remote_uri.scheme == "ssh"
-        options = { user: remote_uri.user, port: remote_uri.port }.compact
+        host = SSHKit::Host.new(
-        on(remote_uri.host, options) do
+          hostname: remote_uri.host,
+          ssh_options: { user: remote_uri.user, port: remote_uri.port }.compact
+        )
+        on(host, options) do
           execute "true"
         end
       end

lib/kamal/cli/build/clone.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+require "uri"
+
+class Kamal::Cli::Build::Clone
+  attr_reader :sshkit
+  delegate :info, :error, :execute, :capture_with_info, to: :sshkit
+
+  def initialize(sshkit)
+    @sshkit = sshkit
+  end
+
+  def prepare
+    begin
+      clone_repo
+    rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
+      if e.message =~ /already exists and is not an empty directory/
+        reset
+      else
+        raise Kamal::Cli::Build::BuildError, "Failed to clone repo: #{e.message}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    validate!
+  rescue Kamal::Cli::Build::BuildError => e
+    error "Error preparing clone: #{e.message}, deleting and retrying..."
+
+    FileUtils.rm_rf KAMAL.config.builder.clone_directory
+    clone_repo
+    validate!
+  end
+
+  private
+    def clone_repo
+      info "Cloning repo into build directory `#{KAMAL.config.builder.build_directory}`..."
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p KAMAL.config.builder.clone_directory
+      execute *KAMAL.builder.clone
+    end
+
+    def reset
+      info "Resetting local clone as `#{KAMAL.config.builder.build_directory}` already exists..."
+
+      KAMAL.builder.clone_reset_steps.each { |step| execute *step }
+    rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
+      raise Kamal::Cli::Build::BuildError, "Failed to clone repo: #{e.message}"
+    end
+
+    def validate!
+      status = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.builder.clone_status).strip
+
+      unless status.empty?
+        raise Kamal::Cli::Build::BuildError, "Clone in #{KAMAL.config.builder.build_directory} is dirty, #{status}"
+      end
+
+      revision = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.builder.clone_revision).strip
+      if revision != Kamal::Git.revision
+        raise Kamal::Cli::Build::BuildError, "Clone in #{KAMAL.config.builder.build_directory} is not on the correct revision, expected `#{Kamal::Git.revision}` but got `#{revision}`"
+      end
+    rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
+      raise Kamal::Cli::Build::BuildError, "Failed to validate clone: #{e.message}"
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/cli/env.rb

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ require "tempfile"
 class Kamal::Cli::Env < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "push", "Push the env file to the remote hosts"
   def push
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Pushed env files"), verbosity: :debug
 
         KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
-          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).make_env_directory
+          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).make_env_directory
-          upload! role.env.secrets_io, role.env.secrets_file, mode: 400
+          upload! role.env(host).secrets_io, role.env(host).secrets_file, mode: 400
         end
       end
 
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Env < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "delete", "Delete the env file from the remote hosts"
   def delete
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Deleted env files"), verbosity: :debug
 
         KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
-          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).remove_env_file
+          execute *KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).remove_env_file
         end
       end
 

lib/kamal/cli/healthcheck.rb

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck < Kamal::Cli::Base
-  default_command :perform
-
-  desc "perform", "Health check current app version"
-  def perform
-    raise "The primary host is not configured to run Traefik" unless KAMAL.config.role(KAMAL.config.primary_role).running_traefik?
-    on(KAMAL.primary_host) do
-      begin
-        execute *KAMAL.healthcheck.run
-        Poller.wait_for_healthy { capture_with_info(*KAMAL.healthcheck.status) }
-      rescue Poller::HealthcheckError => e
-        error capture_with_info(*KAMAL.healthcheck.logs)
-        error capture_with_pretty_json(*KAMAL.healthcheck.container_health_log)
-        raise
-      ensure
-        execute *KAMAL.healthcheck.stop, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
-        execute *KAMAL.healthcheck.remove, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

lib/kamal/cli/healthcheck/barrier.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Barrier
+  def initialize
+    @ivar = Concurrent::IVar.new
+  end
+
+  def close
+    set(false)
+  end
+
+  def open
+    set(true)
+  end
+
+  def wait
+    unless opened?
+      raise Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Error.new("Halted at barrier")
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+    def opened?
+      @ivar.value
+    end
+
+    def set(value)
+      @ivar.set(value)
+      true
+    rescue Concurrent::MultipleAssignmentError
+      false
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/cli/healthcheck/error.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Error < StandardError
+end

lib/kamal/cli/healthcheck/poller.rb

@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ module Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Poller
 
   TRAEFIK_UPDATE_DELAY = 5
 
-  class HealthcheckError < StandardError; end
 
   def wait_for_healthy(pause_after_ready: false, &block)
     attempt = 1
-    max_attempts = KAMAL.config.healthcheck["max_attempts"]
+    max_attempts = KAMAL.config.healthcheck.max_attempts
 
     begin
       case status = block.call
@@ -16,9 +15,9 @@ module Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Poller
       when "running" # No health check configured
         sleep KAMAL.config.readiness_delay if pause_after_ready
       else
-        raise HealthcheckError, "container not ready (#{status})"
+        raise Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Error, "container not ready (#{status})"
       end
-    rescue HealthcheckError => e
+    rescue Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Error => e
       if attempt <= max_attempts
         info "#{e.message}, retrying in #{attempt}s (attempt #{attempt}/#{max_attempts})..."
         sleep attempt
@@ -34,16 +33,16 @@ module Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Poller
 
   def wait_for_unhealthy(pause_after_ready: false, &block)
     attempt = 1
-    max_attempts = KAMAL.config.healthcheck["max_attempts"]
+    max_attempts = KAMAL.config.healthcheck.max_attempts
 
     begin
       case status = block.call
       when "unhealthy"
         sleep TRAEFIK_UPDATE_DELAY if pause_after_ready
       else
-        raise HealthcheckError, "container not unhealthy (#{status})"
+        raise Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Error, "container not unhealthy (#{status})"
       end
-    rescue HealthcheckError => e
+    rescue Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Error => e
       if attempt <= max_attempts
         info "#{e.message}, retrying in #{attempt}s (attempt #{attempt}/#{max_attempts})..."
         sleep attempt

lib/kamal/cli/main.rb

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
   option :skip_push, aliases: "-P", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip image build and push"
   def setup
     print_runtime do
-      mutating do
+      with_lock do
         invoke_options = deploy_options
 
         say "Ensure Docker is installed...", :magenta
         invoke "kamal:cli:server:bootstrap", [], invoke_options
 
-        say "Push env files...", :magenta
+        say "Evaluate and push env files...", :magenta
+        invoke "kamal:cli:main:envify", [], invoke_options
         invoke "kamal:cli:env:push", [], invoke_options
 
         invoke "kamal:cli:accessory:boot", [ "all" ], invoke_options
@@ -22,30 +23,25 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
   option :skip_push, aliases: "-P", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip image build and push"
   def deploy
     runtime = print_runtime do
-      mutating do
+      invoke_options = deploy_options
-        invoke_options = deploy_options
 
-        say "Log into image registry...", :magenta
+      say "Log into image registry...", :magenta
-        invoke "kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options
+      invoke "kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: options[:skip_push])
 
-        if options[:skip_push]
+      if options[:skip_push]
-          say "Pull app image...", :magenta
+        say "Pull app image...", :magenta
-          invoke "kamal:cli:build:pull", [], invoke_options
+        invoke "kamal:cli:build:pull", [], invoke_options
-        else
+      else
-          say "Build and push app image...", :magenta
+        say "Build and push app image...", :magenta
-          invoke "kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options
+        invoke "kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options
-        end
+      end
 
+      with_lock do
         run_hook "pre-deploy"
 
         say "Ensure Traefik is running...", :magenta
         invoke "kamal:cli:traefik:boot", [], invoke_options
 
-        if KAMAL.config.role(KAMAL.config.primary_role).running_traefik?
-          say "Ensure app can pass healthcheck...", :magenta
-          invoke "kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options
-        end
-
         say "Detect stale containers...", :magenta
         invoke "kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true)
 
@@ -63,22 +59,19 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
   option :skip_push, aliases: "-P", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip image build and push"
   def redeploy
     runtime = print_runtime do
-      mutating do
+      invoke_options = deploy_options
-        invoke_options = deploy_options
 
-        if options[:skip_push]
+      if options[:skip_push]
-          say "Pull app image...", :magenta
+        say "Pull app image...", :magenta
-          invoke "kamal:cli:build:pull", [], invoke_options
+        invoke "kamal:cli:build:pull", [], invoke_options
-        else
+      else
-          say "Build and push app image...", :magenta
+        say "Build and push app image...", :magenta
-          invoke "kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options
+        invoke "kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options
-        end
+      end
 
+      with_lock do
         run_hook "pre-deploy"
 
-        say "Ensure app can pass healthcheck...", :magenta
-        invoke "kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options
-
         say "Detect stale containers...", :magenta
         invoke "kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true)
 
@@ -93,7 +86,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
   def rollback(version)
     rolled_back = false
     runtime = print_runtime do
-      mutating do
+      with_lock do
         invoke_options = deploy_options
 
         KAMAL.config.version = version
@@ -134,6 +127,18 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
     end
   end
 
+  desc "docs", "Show Kamal documentation for configuration setting"
+  def docs(section = nil)
+    case section
+    when NilClass
+      puts Kamal::Configuration.validation_doc
+    else
+      puts Kamal::Configuration.const_get(section.titlecase.to_sym).validation_doc
+    end
+  rescue NameError
+    puts "No documentation found for #{section}"
+  end
+
   desc "init", "Create config stub in config/deploy.yml and env stub in .env"
   option :bundle, type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Add Kamal to the Gemfile and create a bin/kamal binstub"
   def init
@@ -185,23 +190,27 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
       env_path          = ".env"
     end
 
-    File.write(env_path, ERB.new(File.read(env_template_path), trim_mode: "-").result, perm: 0600)
+    if Pathname.new(File.expand_path(env_template_path)).exist?
+      File.write(env_path, ERB.new(File.read(env_template_path), trim_mode: "-").result, perm: 0600)
 
-    unless options[:skip_push]
+      unless options[:skip_push]
-      reload_envs
+        reload_envs
-      invoke "kamal:cli:env:push", options
+        invoke "kamal:cli:env:push", options
+      end
+    else
+      puts "Skipping envify (no #{env_template_path} exist)"
     end
   end
 
   desc "remove", "Remove Traefik, app, accessories, and registry session from servers"
   option :confirmed, aliases: "-y", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Proceed without confirmation question"
   def remove
-    mutating do
+    confirming "This will remove all containers and images. Are you sure?" do
-      confirming "This will remove all containers and images. Are you sure?" do
+      with_lock do
         invoke "kamal:cli:traefik:remove", [], options.without(:confirmed)
         invoke "kamal:cli:app:remove", [], options.without(:confirmed)
         invoke "kamal:cli:accessory:remove", [ "all" ], options
-        invoke "kamal:cli:registry:logout", [], options.without(:confirmed)
+        invoke "kamal:cli:registry:logout", [], options.without(:confirmed).merge(skip_local: true)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -223,9 +232,6 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "env", "Manage environment files"
   subcommand "env", Kamal::Cli::Env
 
-  desc "healthcheck", "Healthcheck application"
-  subcommand "healthcheck", Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck
-
   desc "lock", "Manage the deploy lock"
   subcommand "lock", Kamal::Cli::Lock
 
@@ -246,11 +252,11 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Main < Kamal::Cli::Base
       begin
         on(KAMAL.hosts) do
           KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
-            container_id = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role).container_id_for_version(version))
+            container_id = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.app(role: role, host: host).container_id_for_version(version))
             raise "Container not found" unless container_id.present?
           end
         end
-      rescue SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError => e
+      rescue SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError, SSHKit::Runner::MultipleExecuteError => e
         if e.message =~ /Container not found/
           say "Error looking for container version #{version}: #{e.message}"
           return false

lib/kamal/cli/prune.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::Prune < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "all", "Prune unused images and stopped containers"
   def all
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       containers
       images
     end
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Prune < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "images", "Prune unused images"
   def images
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Pruned images"), verbosity: :debug
         execute *KAMAL.prune.dangling_images
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Prune < Kamal::Cli::Base
     retain = options.fetch(:retain, KAMAL.config.retain_containers)
     raise "retain must be at least 1" if retain < 1
 
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Pruned containers"), verbosity: :debug
         execute *KAMAL.prune.app_containers(retain: retain)

lib/kamal/cli/registry.rb

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::Registry < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "login", "Log in to registry locally and remotely"
+  option :skip_local, aliases: "-L", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip local login"
+  option :skip_remote, aliases: "-R", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip remote login"
   def login
-    run_locally    { execute *KAMAL.registry.login }
+    run_locally    { execute *KAMAL.registry.login } unless options[:skip_local]
-    on(KAMAL.hosts) { execute *KAMAL.registry.login }
+    on(KAMAL.hosts) { execute *KAMAL.registry.login } unless options[:skip_remote]
-  # FIXME: This rescue needed?
-  rescue ArgumentError => e
-    puts e.message
   end
 
-  desc "logout", "Log out of registry remotely"
+  desc "logout", "Log out of registry locally and remotely"
+  option :skip_local, aliases: "-L", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip local login"
+  option :skip_remote, aliases: "-R", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip remote login"
   def logout
-    on(KAMAL.hosts) { execute *KAMAL.registry.logout }
+    run_locally    { execute *KAMAL.registry.logout } unless options[:skip_local]
-  # FIXME: This rescue needed?
+    on(KAMAL.hosts) { execute *KAMAL.registry.logout } unless options[:skip_remote]
-  rescue ArgumentError => e
-    puts e.message
   end
 end

lib/kamal/cli/server.rb

@@ -1,25 +1,49 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::Server < Kamal::Cli::Base
+  desc "exec", "Run a custom command on the server (use --help to show options)"
+  option :interactive, type: :boolean, aliases: "-i", default: false, desc: "Run the command interactively (use for console/bash)"
+  def exec(cmd)
+    hosts = KAMAL.hosts | KAMAL.accessory_hosts
+
+    case
+    when options[:interactive]
+      host = KAMAL.primary_host
+
+      say "Running '#{cmd}' on #{host} interactively...", :magenta
+
+      run_locally { exec KAMAL.server.run_over_ssh(cmd, host: host) }
+    else
+      say "Running '#{cmd}' on #{hosts.join(', ')}...", :magenta
+
+      on(hosts) do |host|
+        execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Executed cmd '#{cmd}' on #{host}"), verbosity: :debug
+        puts_by_host host, capture_with_info(cmd)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   desc "bootstrap", "Set up Docker to run Kamal apps"
   def bootstrap
-    missing = []
+    with_lock do
+      missing = []
 
-    on(KAMAL.hosts | KAMAL.accessory_hosts) do |host|
+      on(KAMAL.hosts | KAMAL.accessory_hosts) do |host|
-      unless execute(*KAMAL.docker.installed?, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
+        unless execute(*KAMAL.docker.installed?, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
-        if execute(*KAMAL.docker.superuser?, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
+          if execute(*KAMAL.docker.superuser?, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
-          info "Missing Docker on #{host}. Installing…"
+            info "Missing Docker on #{host}. Installing…"
-          execute *KAMAL.docker.install
+            execute *KAMAL.docker.install
-        else
+          else
-          missing << host
+            missing << host
+          end
         end
+
+        execute(*KAMAL.server.ensure_run_directory)
       end
 
-      execute(*KAMAL.server.ensure_run_directory)
+      if missing.any?
-    end
+        raise "Docker is not installed on #{missing.join(", ")} and can't be automatically installed without having root access and either `wget` or `curl`. Install Docker manually: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/"
+      end
 
-    if missing.any?
+      run_hook "docker-setup"
-      raise "Docker is not installed on #{missing.join(", ")} and can't be automatically installed without having root access and either `wget` or `curl`. Install Docker manually: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/"
     end
-
-    run_hook "docker-setup"
   end
 end

lib/kamal/cli/templates/sample_hooks/docker-setup.sample

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#!/bin/sh
 
 # A sample docker-setup hook
 #

lib/kamal/cli/traefik.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "boot", "Boot Traefik on servers"
   def boot
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.traefik_hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.registry.login
         execute *KAMAL.traefik.start_or_run
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
   option :confirmed, aliases: "-y", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Proceed without confirmation question"
   def reboot
     confirming "This will cause a brief outage on each host. Are you sure?" do
-      mutating do
+      with_lock do
         host_groups = options[:rolling] ? KAMAL.traefik_hosts : [ KAMAL.traefik_hosts ]
         host_groups.each do |hosts|
           host_list = Array(hosts).join(",")
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "start", "Start existing Traefik container on servers"
   def start
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.traefik_hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Started traefik"), verbosity: :debug
         execute *KAMAL.traefik.start
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "stop", "Stop existing Traefik container on servers"
   def stop
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.traefik_hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Stopped traefik"), verbosity: :debug
         execute *KAMAL.traefik.stop, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "restart", "Restart existing Traefik container on servers"
   def restart
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       stop
       start
     end
@@ -69,29 +69,31 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
   option :since, aliases: "-s", desc: "Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)"
   option :lines, type: :numeric, aliases: "-n", desc: "Number of log lines to pull from each server"
   option :grep, aliases: "-g", desc: "Show lines with grep match only (use this to fetch specific requests by id)"
+  option :grep_options, aliases: "-o", desc: "Additional options supplied to grep"
   option :follow, aliases: "-f", desc: "Follow logs on primary server (or specific host set by --hosts)"
   def logs
     grep = options[:grep]
+    grep_options = options[:grep_options]
 
     if options[:follow]
       run_locally do
         info "Following logs on #{KAMAL.primary_host}..."
-        info KAMAL.traefik.follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, grep: grep)
+        info KAMAL.traefik.follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options)
-        exec KAMAL.traefik.follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, grep: grep)
+        exec KAMAL.traefik.follow_logs(host: KAMAL.primary_host, grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options)
       end
     else
       since = options[:since]
       lines = options[:lines].presence || ((since || grep) ? nil : 100) # Default to 100 lines if since or grep isn't set
 
       on(KAMAL.traefik_hosts) do |host|
-        puts_by_host host, capture(*KAMAL.traefik.logs(since: since, lines: lines, grep: grep)), type: "Traefik"
+        puts_by_host host, capture(*KAMAL.traefik.logs(since: since, lines: lines, grep: grep, grep_options: grep_options)), type: "Traefik"
       end
     end
   end
 
   desc "remove", "Remove Traefik container and image from servers"
   def remove
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       stop
       remove_container
       remove_image
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_container", "Remove Traefik container from servers", hide: true
   def remove_container
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.traefik_hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Removed traefik container"), verbosity: :debug
         execute *KAMAL.traefik.remove_container
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Traefik < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
   desc "remove_image", "Remove Traefik image from servers", hide: true
   def remove_image
-    mutating do
+    with_lock do
       on(KAMAL.traefik_hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.auditor.record("Removed traefik image"), verbosity: :debug
         execute *KAMAL.traefik.remove_image

lib/kamal/commander.rb

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 
 class Kamal::Commander
-  attr_accessor :verbosity, :holding_lock, :hold_lock_on_error
+  attr_accessor :verbosity, :holding_lock, :connected
   delegate :hosts, :roles, :primary_host, :primary_role, :roles_on, :traefik_hosts, :accessory_hosts, to: :specifics
 
   def initialize
     self.verbosity = :info
     self.holding_lock = false
-    self.hold_lock_on_error = false
+    self.connected = false
     @specifics = nil
   end
 
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class Kamal::Commander
   end
 
 
-  def app(role: nil)
+  def app(role: nil, host: nil)
-    Kamal::Commands::App.new(config, role: role)
+    Kamal::Commands::App.new(config, role: role, host: host)
   end
 
   def accessory(name)
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ class Kamal::Commander
     self.holding_lock
   end
 
-  def hold_lock_on_error?
+  def connected?
-    self.hold_lock_on_error
+    self.connected
   end
 
   private

lib/kamal/commander/specifics.rb

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Kamal::Commander::Specifics
   end
 
   def traefik_hosts
-    specific_hosts || config.traefik_hosts
+    config.traefik_hosts & specified_hosts
   end
 
   def accessory_hosts

lib/kamal/commands/accessory.rb

@@ -36,17 +36,17 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Accessory < Kamal::Commands::Base
   end
 
 
-  def logs(since: nil, lines: nil, grep: nil)
+  def logs(since: nil, lines: nil, grep: nil, grep_options: nil)
     pipe \
       docker(:logs, service_name, (" --since #{since}" if since), (" --tail #{lines}" if lines), "--timestamps", "2>&1"),
-      ("grep '#{grep}'" if grep)
+      ("grep '#{grep}'#{" #{grep_options}" if grep_options}" if grep)
   end
 
-  def follow_logs(grep: nil)
+  def follow_logs(grep: nil, grep_options: nil)
     run_over_ssh \
       pipe \
         docker(:logs, service_name, "--timestamps", "--tail", "10", "--follow", "2>&1"),
-        (%(grep "#{grep}") if grep)
+        (%(grep "#{grep}"#{" #{grep_options}" if grep_options}) if grep)
   end
 
 

lib/kamal/commands/app.rb

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ class Kamal::Commands::App < Kamal::Commands::Base
 
   ACTIVE_DOCKER_STATUSES = [ :running, :restarting ]
 
-  attr_reader :role, :role
+  attr_reader :role, :host
 
-  def initialize(config, role: nil)
+  def initialize(config, role: nil, host: nil)
     super(config)
     @role = role
+    @host = host
   end
 
   def run(hostname: nil)
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class Kamal::Commands::App < Kamal::Commands::Base
       *([ "--hostname", hostname ] if hostname),
       "-e", "KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"#{container_name}\"",
       "-e", "KAMAL_VERSION=\"#{config.version}\"",
-      *role.env_args,
+      *role.env_args(host),
       *role.health_check_args,
       *role.logging_args,
       *config.volume_args,
@@ -70,11 +71,11 @@ class Kamal::Commands::App < Kamal::Commands::Base
 
 
   def make_env_directory
-    make_directory role.env.secrets_directory
+    make_directory role.env(host).secrets_directory
   end
 
   def remove_env_file
-    [ :rm, "-f", role.env.secrets_file ]
+    [ :rm, "-f", role.env(host).secrets_file ]
   end
 
 

lib/kamal/commands/app/containers.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 module Kamal::Commands::App::Containers
+  DOCKER_HEALTH_LOG_FORMAT    = "'{{json .State.Health}}'"
+
   def list_containers
     docker :container, :ls, "--all", *filter_args
   end
@@ -20,4 +22,10 @@ module Kamal::Commands::App::Containers
   def remove_containers
     docker :container, :prune, "--force", *filter_args
   end
+
+  def container_health_log(version:)
+    pipe \
+      container_id_for(container_name: container_name(version)),
+      xargs(docker(:inspect, "--format", DOCKER_HEALTH_LOG_FORMAT))
+  end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/app/execution.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module Kamal::Commands::App::Execution
     docker :run,
       ("-it" if interactive),
       "--rm",
-      *role&.env_args,
+      *role&.env_args(host),
       *argumentize("--env", env),
       *config.volume_args,
       *role&.option_args,
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ module Kamal::Commands::App::Execution
       *command
   end
 
-  def execute_in_existing_container_over_ssh(*command, host:, env:)
+  def execute_in_existing_container_over_ssh(*command,  env:)
     run_over_ssh execute_in_existing_container(*command, interactive: true, env: env), host: host
   end
 
-  def execute_in_new_container_over_ssh(*command, host:, env:)
+  def execute_in_new_container_over_ssh(*command, env:)
     run_over_ssh execute_in_new_container(*command, interactive: true, env: env), host: host
   end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/app/logging.rb

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 module Kamal::Commands::App::Logging
-  def logs(since: nil, lines: nil, grep: nil)
+  def logs(version: nil, since: nil, lines: nil, grep: nil, grep_options: nil)
     pipe \
-      current_running_container_id,
+      version ? container_id_for_version(version) : current_running_container_id,
       "xargs docker logs#{" --since #{since}" if since}#{" --tail #{lines}" if lines} 2>&1",
-      ("grep '#{grep}'" if grep)
+      ("grep '#{grep}'#{" #{grep_options}" if grep_options}" if grep)
   end
 
-  def follow_logs(host:, lines: nil, grep: nil)
+  def follow_logs(host:, lines: nil, grep: nil, grep_options: nil)
     run_over_ssh \
       pipe(
         current_running_container_id,
         "xargs docker logs --timestamps#{" --tail #{lines}" if lines} --follow 2>&1",
-        (%(grep "#{grep}") if grep)
+        (%(grep "#{grep}"#{" #{grep_options}" if grep_options}) if grep)
       ),
       host: host
   end

lib/kamal/commands/base.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ module Kamal::Commands
     delegate :sensitive, :argumentize, to: Kamal::Utils
 
     DOCKER_HEALTH_STATUS_FORMAT = "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'"
-    DOCKER_HEALTH_LOG_FORMAT    = "'{{json .State.Health}}'"
 
     attr_accessor :config
 
@@ -78,8 +77,8 @@ module Kamal::Commands
         args.compact.unshift :docker
       end
 
-      def git(*args)
+      def git(*args, path: nil)
-        args.compact.unshift :git
+        [ :git, *([ "-C", path ] if path), *args.compact ]
       end
 
       def tags(**details)

lib/kamal/commands/builder.rb

@@ -1,24 +1,32 @@
 require "active_support/core_ext/string/filters"
 
 class Kamal::Commands::Builder < Kamal::Commands::Base
-  delegate :create, :remove, :push, :clean, :pull, :info, :validate_image, to: :target
+  delegate :create, :remove, :push, :clean, :pull, :info, :context_hosts, :config_context_hosts, :validate_image,
+    to: :target
+
+  include Clone
 
   def name
     target.class.to_s.remove("Kamal::Commands::Builder::").underscore.inquiry
   end
 
   def target
-    case
+    if config.builder.multiarch?
-    when !config.builder.multiarch? && !config.builder.cached?
+      if config.builder.remote?
-      native
+        if config.builder.local?
-    when !config.builder.multiarch? && config.builder.cached?
+          multiarch_remote
-      native_cached
+        else
-    when config.builder.local? && config.builder.remote?
+          native_remote
-      multiarch_remote
+        end
-    when config.builder.remote?
+      else
-      native_remote
+        multiarch
+      end
     else
-      multiarch
+      if config.builder.cached?
+        native_cached
+      else
+        native
+      end
     end
   end
 

lib/kamal/commands/builder/base.rb

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base < Kamal::Commands::Base
   class BuilderError < StandardError; end
 
+  ENDPOINT_DOCKER_HOST_INSPECT = "'{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'"
+
   delegate :argumentize, to: Kamal::Utils
-  delegate :args, :secrets, :dockerfile, :local_arch, :local_host, :remote_arch, :remote_host, :cache_from, :cache_to, :ssh, :git_archive?, to: :builder_config
+  delegate :args, :secrets, :dockerfile, :target, :local_arch, :local_host, :remote_arch, :remote_host, :cache_from, :cache_to, :ssh, to: :builder_config
 
   def clean
     docker :image, :rm, "--force", config.absolute_image
@@ -13,18 +15,8 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base < Kamal::Commands::Base
     docker :pull, config.absolute_image
   end
 
-  def push
-    if git_archive?
-      pipe \
-        git(:archive, "--format=tar", :HEAD),
-        build_and_push
-    else
-      build_and_push
-    end
-  end
-
   def build_options
-    [ *build_tags, *build_cache, *build_labels, *build_args, *build_secrets, *build_dockerfile, *build_ssh ]
+    [ *build_tags, *build_cache, *build_labels, *build_args, *build_secrets, *build_dockerfile, *build_target, *build_ssh ]
   end
 
   def build_context
@@ -40,6 +32,13 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base < Kamal::Commands::Base
       )
   end
 
+  def context_hosts
+    :true
+  end
+
+  def config_context_hosts
+    []
+  end
 
   private
     def build_tags
@@ -73,6 +72,10 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base < Kamal::Commands::Base
       end
     end
 
+    def build_target
+      argumentize "--target", target if target.present?
+    end
+
     def build_ssh
       argumentize "--ssh", ssh if ssh.present?
     end
@@ -80,4 +83,8 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base < Kamal::Commands::Base
     def builder_config
       config.builder
     end
+
+    def context_host(builder_name)
+      docker :context, :inspect, builder_name, "--format", ENDPOINT_DOCKER_HOST_INSPECT
+    end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/clone.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+module Kamal::Commands::Builder::Clone
+  extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+  included do
+    delegate :clone_directory, :build_directory, to: :"config.builder"
+  end
+
+  def clone
+    git :clone, Kamal::Git.root, path: clone_directory
+  end
+
+  def clone_reset_steps
+    [
+      git(:remote, "set-url", :origin, Kamal::Git.root, path: build_directory),
+      git(:fetch, :origin, path: build_directory),
+      git(:reset, "--hard", Kamal::Git.revision, path: build_directory),
+      git(:clean, "-fdx", path: build_directory)
+    ]
+  end
+
+  def clone_status
+    git :status, "--porcelain", path: build_directory
+  end
+
+  def clone_revision
+    git :"rev-parse", :HEAD, path: build_directory
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/multiarch.rb

@@ -13,6 +13,19 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base
       docker(:buildx, :ls)
   end
 
+  def push
+    docker :buildx, :build,
+      "--push",
+      "--platform", platform_names,
+      "--builder", builder_name,
+      *build_options,
+      build_context
+  end
+
+  def context_hosts
+    docker :buildx, :inspect, builder_name, "> /dev/null"
+  end
+
   private
     def builder_name
       "kamal-#{config.service}-multiarch"
@@ -25,13 +38,4 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base
         "linux/amd64,linux/arm64"
       end
     end
-
-    def build_and_push
-      docker :buildx, :build,
-        "--push",
-        "--platform", platform_names,
-        "--builder", builder_name,
-        *build_options,
-        build_context
-    end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/multiarch/remote.rb

@@ -12,6 +12,16 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch::Remote < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Mu
       super
   end
 
+  def context_hosts
+    chain \
+      context_host(builder_name_with_arch(local_arch)),
+      context_host(builder_name_with_arch(remote_arch))
+  end
+
+  def config_context_hosts
+    [ local_host, remote_host ].compact
+  end
+
   private
     def builder_name
       super + "-remote"

lib/kamal/commands/builder/native.rb

@@ -11,11 +11,10 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base
     # No-op on native
   end
 
-  private
+  def push
-    def build_and_push
+    combine \
-      combine \
+      docker(:build, *build_options, build_context),
-        docker(:build, *build_options, build_context),
+      docker(:push, config.absolute_image),
-        docker(:push, config.absolute_image),
+      docker(:push, config.latest_image)
-        docker(:push, config.latest_image)
+  end
-    end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/native/cached.rb

@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
 class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native::Cached < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native
   def create
-    docker :buildx, :create, "--use", "--driver=docker-container"
+    docker :buildx, :create, "--name", builder_name, "--use", "--driver=docker-container"
   end
 
   def remove
     docker :buildx, :rm, builder_name
   end
 
+  def push
+    docker :buildx, :build,
+      "--push",
+      *build_options,
+      build_context
+  end
+
+  def context_hosts
+    docker :buildx, :inspect, builder_name, "> /dev/null"
+  end
+
   private
-    def build_and_push
+    def builder_name
-      docker :buildx, :build,
+      "kamal-#{config.service}-native-cached"
-        "--push",
-        *build_options,
-        build_context
     end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/native/remote.rb

@@ -17,6 +17,23 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native::Remote < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Nativ
       docker(:buildx, :ls)
   end
 
+  def push
+    docker :buildx, :build,
+    "--push",
+    "--platform", platform,
+    "--builder", builder_name,
+    *build_options,
+    build_context
+  end
+
+  def context_hosts
+    context_host(builder_name_with_arch)
+  end
+
+  def config_context_hosts
+    [ remote_host ]
+  end
+
 
   private
     def builder_name
@@ -47,13 +64,4 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native::Remote < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Nativ
     def remove_buildx
       docker :buildx, :rm, builder_name
     end
-
-    def build_and_push
-      docker :buildx, :build,
-      "--push",
-      "--platform", platform,
-      "--builder", builder_name,
-      *build_options,
-      build_context
-    end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/healthcheck.rb

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Commands::Healthcheck < Kamal::Commands::Base
-  def run
-    primary = config.role(config.primary_role)
-
-    docker :run,
-      "--detach",
-      "--name", container_name_with_version,
-      "--publish", "#{exposed_port}:#{config.healthcheck["port"]}",
-      "--label", "service=#{config.healthcheck_service}",
-      "-e", "KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"#{config.healthcheck_service}\"",
-      *primary.env_args,
-      *primary.health_check_args(cord: false),
-      *config.volume_args,
-      *primary.option_args,
-      config.absolute_image,
-      primary.cmd
-  end
-
-  def status
-    pipe container_id, xargs(docker(:inspect, "--format", DOCKER_HEALTH_STATUS_FORMAT))
-  end
-
-  def container_health_log
-    pipe container_id, xargs(docker(:inspect, "--format", DOCKER_HEALTH_LOG_FORMAT))
-  end
-
-  def logs
-    pipe container_id, xargs(docker(:logs, "--tail", log_lines, "2>&1"))
-  end
-
-  def stop
-    pipe container_id, xargs(docker(:stop))
-  end
-
-  def remove
-    pipe container_id, xargs(docker(:container, :rm))
-  end
-
-  private
-    def container_name_with_version
-      "#{config.healthcheck_service}-#{config.version}"
-    end
-
-    def container_id
-      container_id_for(container_name: container_name_with_version)
-    end
-
-    def health_url
-      "http://localhost:#{exposed_port}#{config.healthcheck["path"]}"
-    end
-
-    def exposed_port
-      config.healthcheck["exposed_port"]
-    end
-
-    def log_lines
-      config.healthcheck["log_lines"]
-    end
-end

lib/kamal/commands/registry.rb

@@ -3,21 +3,12 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Registry < Kamal::Commands::Base
 
   def login
     docker :login,
-      registry["server"],
+      registry.server,
-      "-u", sensitive(Kamal::Utils.escape_shell_value(lookup("username"))),
+      "-u", sensitive(Kamal::Utils.escape_shell_value(registry.username)),
-      "-p", sensitive(Kamal::Utils.escape_shell_value(lookup("password")))
+      "-p", sensitive(Kamal::Utils.escape_shell_value(registry.password))
   end
 
   def logout
-    docker :logout, registry["server"]
+    docker :logout, registry.server
   end
-
-  private
-    def lookup(key)
-      if registry[key].is_a?(Array)
-        ENV.fetch(registry[key].first).dup
-      else
-        registry[key]
-      end
-    end
 end

lib/kamal/commands/traefik.rb

@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
 class Kamal::Commands::Traefik < Kamal::Commands::Base
   delegate :argumentize, :optionize, to: Kamal::Utils
-
+  delegate :port, :publish?, :labels, :env, :image, :options, :args, to: :"config.traefik"
-  DEFAULT_IMAGE = "traefik:v2.10"
-  CONTAINER_PORT = 80
-  DEFAULT_ARGS = {
-    "log.level" => "DEBUG"
-  }
-  DEFAULT_LABELS = {
-    # These ensure we serve a 502 rather than a 404 if no containers are available
-    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints" => "http",
-    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule" => "PathPrefix(`/`)",
-    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.service" => "unavailable",
-    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority" => 1,
-    "traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port" => "0"
-  }
 
   def run
     docker :run, "--name traefik",
@@ -46,16 +33,16 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Traefik < Kamal::Commands::Base
     docker :ps, "--filter", "name=^traefik$"
   end
 
-  def logs(since: nil, lines: nil, grep: nil)
+  def logs(since: nil, lines: nil, grep: nil, grep_options: nil)
     pipe \
       docker(:logs, "traefik", (" --since #{since}" if since), (" --tail #{lines}" if lines), "--timestamps", "2>&1"),
-      ("grep '#{grep}'" if grep)
+      ("grep '#{grep}'#{" #{grep_options}" if grep_options}" if grep)
   end
 
-  def follow_logs(host:, grep: nil)
+  def follow_logs(host:, grep: nil, grep_options: nil)
     run_over_ssh pipe(
       docker(:logs, "traefik", "--timestamps", "--tail", "10", "--follow", "2>&1"),
-      (%(grep "#{grep}") if grep)
+      (%(grep "#{grep}"#{" #{grep_options}" if grep_options}) if grep)
     ).join(" "), host: host
   end
 
@@ -67,16 +54,6 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Traefik < Kamal::Commands::Base
     docker :image, :prune, "--all", "--force", "--filter", "label=org.opencontainers.image.title=Traefik"
   end
 
-  def port
-    "#{host_port}:#{CONTAINER_PORT}"
-  end
-
-  def env
-    Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config \
-      config: config.traefik.fetch("env", {}),
-      secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "traefik", "traefik.env")
-  end
-
   def make_env_directory
     make_directory(env.secrets_directory)
   end
@@ -87,7 +64,7 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Traefik < Kamal::Commands::Base
 
   private
     def publish_args
-      argumentize "--publish", port unless config.traefik["publish"] == false
+      argumentize "--publish", port if publish?
     end
 
     def label_args
@@ -98,27 +75,11 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Traefik < Kamal::Commands::Base
       env.args
     end
 
-    def labels
-      DEFAULT_LABELS.merge(config.traefik["labels"] || {})
-    end
-
-    def image
-      config.traefik.fetch("image") { DEFAULT_IMAGE }
-    end
-
     def docker_options_args
-      optionize(config.traefik["options"] || {})
+      optionize(options)
     end
 
     def cmd_option_args
-      if args = config.traefik["args"]
+      optionize args, with: "="
-        optionize DEFAULT_ARGS.merge(args), with: "="
-      else
-        optionize DEFAULT_ARGS, with: "="
-      end
-    end
-
-    def host_port
-      config.traefik["host_port"] || CONTAINER_PORT
     end
 end

lib/kamal/configuration.rb

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 require "active_support/ordered_options"
 require "active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
 require "pathname"
 require "erb"
 require "net/ssh/proxy/jump"
 
 class Kamal::Configuration
-  delegate :service, :image, :servers, :labels, :registry, :stop_wait_time, :hooks_path, :logging, to: :raw_config, allow_nil: true
+  delegate :service, :image, :labels, :stop_wait_time, :hooks_path, to: :raw_config, allow_nil: true
   delegate :argumentize, :optionize, to: Kamal::Utils
 
   attr_reader :destination, :raw_config
+  attr_reader :accessories, :boot, :builder, :env, :healthcheck, :logging, :traefik, :servers, :ssh, :sshkit, :registry
+
+  include Validation
 
   class << self
     def create_from(config_file:, destination: nil, version: nil)
@@ -42,7 +46,29 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
     @raw_config = ActiveSupport::InheritableOptions.new(raw_config)
     @destination = destination
     @declared_version = version
-    valid? if validate
+
+    validate! raw_config, example: validation_yml.symbolize_keys, context: ""
+
+    # Eager load config to validate it, these are first as they have dependencies later on
+    @servers = Servers.new(config: self)
+    @registry = Registry.new(config: self)
+
+    @accessories = @raw_config.accessories&.keys&.collect { |name| Accessory.new(name, config: self) } || []
+    @boot = Boot.new(config: self)
+    @builder = Builder.new(config: self)
+    @env = Env.new(config: @raw_config.env || {})
+
+    @healthcheck = Healthcheck.new(healthcheck_config: @raw_config.healthcheck)
+    @logging = Logging.new(logging_config: @raw_config.logging)
+    @traefik = Traefik.new(config: self)
+    @ssh = Ssh.new(config: self)
+    @sshkit = Sshkit.new(config: self)
+
+    ensure_destination_if_required
+    ensure_required_keys_present
+    ensure_valid_kamal_version
+    ensure_retain_containers_valid
+    ensure_valid_service_name
   end
 
 
@@ -71,17 +97,13 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
 
 
   def roles
-    @roles ||= role_names.collect { |role_name| Role.new(role_name, config: self) }
+    servers.roles
   end
 
   def role(name)
     roles.detect { |r| r.name == name.to_s }
   end
 
-  def accessories
-    @accessories ||= raw_config.accessories&.keys&.collect { |name| Kamal::Configuration::Accessory.new(name, config: self) } || []
-  end
-
   def accessory(name)
     accessories.detect { |a| a.name == name.to_s }
   end
@@ -120,7 +142,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
   end
 
   def repository
-    [ raw_config.registry["server"], image ].compact.join("/")
+    [ registry.server, image ].compact.join("/")
   end
 
   def absolute_image
@@ -157,40 +179,10 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
   end
 
   def logging_args
-    if logging.present?
+    logging.args
-      optionize({ "log-driver" => logging["driver"] }.compact) +
-        argumentize("--log-opt", logging["options"])
-    else
-      argumentize("--log-opt", { "max-size" => "10m" })
-    end
   end
 
 
-  def boot
-    Kamal::Configuration::Boot.new(config: self)
-  end
-
-  def builder
-    Kamal::Configuration::Builder.new(config: self)
-  end
-
-  def traefik
-    raw_config.traefik || {}
-  end
-
-  def ssh
-    Kamal::Configuration::Ssh.new(config: self)
-  end
-
-  def sshkit
-    Kamal::Configuration::Sshkit.new(config: self)
-  end
-
-
-  def healthcheck
-    { "path" => "/up", "port" => 3000, "max_attempts" => 7, "exposed_port" => 3999, "cord" => "/tmp/kamal-cord", "log_lines" => 50 }.merge(raw_config.healthcheck || {})
-  end
-
   def healthcheck_service
     [ "healthcheck", service, destination ].compact.join("-")
   end
@@ -229,15 +221,19 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
     File.join(run_directory, "env")
   end
 
-  def env
+  def env_tags
-    raw_config.env || {}
+    @env_tags ||= if (tags = raw_config.env["tags"])
+      tags.collect { |name, config| Env::Tag.new(name, config: config) }
+    else
+      []
+    end
   end
 
-
+  def env_tag(name)
-  def valid?
+    env_tags.detect { |t| t.name == name.to_s }
-    ensure_destination_if_required && ensure_required_keys_present && ensure_valid_kamal_version && ensure_retain_containers_valid && ensure_valid_service_name
   end
 
+
   def to_h
     {
       roles: role_names,
@@ -253,11 +249,10 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
       builder: builder.to_h,
       accessories: raw_config.accessories,
       logging: logging_args,
-      healthcheck: healthcheck
+      healthcheck: healthcheck.to_h
     }.compact
   end
 
-
   private
     # Will raise ArgumentError if any required config keys are missing
     def ensure_destination_if_required
@@ -270,29 +265,21 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
 
     def ensure_required_keys_present
       %i[ service image registry servers ].each do |key|
-        raise ArgumentError, "Missing required configuration for #{key}" unless raw_config[key].present?
+        raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "Missing required configuration for #{key}" unless raw_config[key].present?
       end
 
-      if raw_config.registry["username"].blank?
+      unless role(primary_role_name).present?
-        raise ArgumentError, "You must specify a username for the registry in config/deploy.yml"
+        raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "The primary_role #{primary_role_name} isn't defined"
-      end
-
-      if raw_config.registry["password"].blank?
-        raise ArgumentError, "You must specify a password for the registry in config/deploy.yml (or set the ENV variable if that's used)"
-      end
-
-      unless role_names.include?(primary_role_name)
-        raise ArgumentError, "The primary_role #{primary_role_name} isn't defined"
       end
 
       if primary_role.hosts.empty?
-        raise ArgumentError, "No servers specified for the #{primary_role.name} primary_role"
+        raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "No servers specified for the #{primary_role.name} primary_role"
       end
 
       unless allow_empty_roles?
         roles.each do |role|
           if role.hosts.empty?
-            raise ArgumentError, "No servers specified for the #{role.name} role. You can ignore this with allow_empty_roles: true"
+            raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "No servers specified for the #{role.name} role. You can ignore this with allow_empty_roles: true"
           end
         end
       end
@@ -301,21 +288,21 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
     end
 
     def ensure_valid_service_name
-      raise ArgumentError, "Service name can only include alphanumeric characters, hyphens, and underscores" unless raw_config[:service] =~ /^[a-z0-9_-]+$/i
+      raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "Service name can only include alphanumeric characters, hyphens, and underscores" unless raw_config[:service] =~ /^[a-z0-9_-]+$/i
 
       true
     end
 
     def ensure_valid_kamal_version
       if minimum_version && Gem::Version.new(minimum_version) > Gem::Version.new(Kamal::VERSION)
-        raise ArgumentError, "Current version is #{Kamal::VERSION}, minimum required is #{minimum_version}"
+        raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "Current version is #{Kamal::VERSION}, minimum required is #{minimum_version}"
       end
 
       true
     end
 
     def ensure_retain_containers_valid
-      raise ArgumentError, "Must retain at least 1 container" if retain_containers < 1
+      raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "Must retain at least 1 container" if retain_containers < 1
 
       true
     end
@@ -328,7 +315,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
     def git_version
       @git_version ||=
         if Kamal::Git.used?
-          if Kamal::Git.uncommitted_changes.present? && !builder.git_archive?
+          if Kamal::Git.uncommitted_changes.present? && !builder.git_clone?
             uncommitted_suffix = "_uncommitted_#{SecureRandom.hex(8)}"
           end
           [ Kamal::Git.revision, uncommitted_suffix ].compact.join

lib/kamal/configuration/accessory.rb

@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
 class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
   delegate :argumentize, :optionize, to: Kamal::Utils
 
-  attr_accessor :name, :specifics
+  attr_reader :name, :accessory_config, :env
 
   def initialize(name, config:)
-    @name, @config, @specifics = name.inquiry, config, config.raw_config["accessories"][name]
+    @name, @config, @accessory_config = name.inquiry, config, config.raw_config["accessories"][name]
+
+    validate! \
+      accessory_config,
+      example: validation_yml["accessories"]["mysql"],
+      context: "accessories/#{name}",
+      with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Accessory
+
+    @env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.new \
+      config: accessory_config.fetch("env", {}),
+      secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "accessories", "#{service_name}.env"),
+      context: "accessories/#{name}/env"
   end
 
   def service_name
-    specifics["service"] || "#{config.service}-#{name}"
+    accessory_config["service"] || "#{config.service}-#{name}"
   end
 
   def image
-    specifics["image"]
+    accessory_config["image"]
   end
 
   def hosts
-    if (specifics.keys & [ "host", "hosts", "roles" ]).size != 1
-      raise ArgumentError, "Specify one of `host`, `hosts` or `roles` for accessory `#{name}`"
-    end
-
     hosts_from_host || hosts_from_hosts || hosts_from_roles
   end
 
   def port
-    if port = specifics["port"]&.to_s
+    if port = accessory_config["port"]&.to_s
       port.include?(":") ? port : "#{port}:#{port}"
     end
   end
@@ -34,32 +43,26 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
   end
 
   def labels
-    default_labels.merge(specifics["labels"] || {})
+    default_labels.merge(accessory_config["labels"] || {})
   end
 
   def label_args
     argumentize "--label", labels
   end
 
-  def env
-    Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config \
-      config: specifics.fetch("env", {}),
-      secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "accessories", "#{service_name}.env")
-  end
-
   def env_args
     env.args
   end
 
   def files
-    specifics["files"]&.to_h do |local_to_remote_mapping|
+    accessory_config["files"]&.to_h do |local_to_remote_mapping|
       local_file, remote_file = local_to_remote_mapping.split(":")
       [ expand_local_file(local_file), expand_remote_file(remote_file) ]
     end || {}
   end
 
   def directories
-    specifics["directories"]&.to_h do |host_to_container_mapping|
+    accessory_config["directories"]&.to_h do |host_to_container_mapping|
       host_path, container_path = host_to_container_mapping.split(":")
       [ expand_host_path(host_path), container_path ]
     end || {}
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
   end
 
   def option_args
-    if args = specifics["options"]
+    if args = accessory_config["options"]
       optionize args
     else
       []
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
   end
 
   def cmd
-    specifics["cmd"]
+    accessory_config["cmd"]
   end
 
   private
@@ -116,18 +119,18 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
     end
 
     def specific_volumes
-      specifics["volumes"] || []
+      accessory_config["volumes"] || []
     end
 
     def remote_files_as_volumes
-      specifics["files"]&.collect do |local_to_remote_mapping|
+      accessory_config["files"]&.collect do |local_to_remote_mapping|
         _, remote_file = local_to_remote_mapping.split(":")
         "#{service_data_directory + remote_file}:#{remote_file}"
       end || []
     end
 
     def remote_directories_as_volumes
-      specifics["directories"]&.collect do |host_to_container_mapping|
+      accessory_config["directories"]&.collect do |host_to_container_mapping|
         host_path, container_path = host_to_container_mapping.split(":")
         [ expand_host_path(host_path), container_path ].join(":")
       end || []
@@ -146,30 +149,16 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
     end
 
     def hosts_from_host
-      if specifics.key?("host")
+      [ accessory_config["host"] ] if accessory_config.key?("host")
-        host = specifics["host"]
-        if host
-          [ host ]
-        else
-          raise ArgumentError, "Missing host for accessory `#{name}`"
-        end
-      end
     end
 
     def hosts_from_hosts
-      if specifics.key?("hosts")
+      accessory_config["hosts"] if accessory_config.key?("hosts")
-        hosts = specifics["hosts"]
-        if hosts.is_a?(Array)
-          hosts
-        else
-          raise ArgumentError, "Hosts should be an Array for accessory `#{name}`"
-        end
-      end
     end
 
     def hosts_from_roles
-      if specifics.key?("roles")
+      if accessory_config.key?("roles")
-        specifics["roles"].flat_map { |role| config.role(role).hosts }
+        accessory_config["roles"].flat_map { |role| config.role(role).hosts }
       end
     end
 end

lib/kamal/configuration/boot.rb

@@ -1,20 +1,25 @@
 class Kamal::Configuration::Boot
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :boot_config, :host_count
+
   def initialize(config:)
-    @options = config.raw_config.boot || {}
+    @boot_config = config.raw_config.boot || {}
     @host_count = config.all_hosts.count
+    validate! boot_config
   end
 
   def limit
-    limit = @options["limit"]
+    limit = boot_config["limit"]
 
     if limit.to_s.end_with?("%")
-      [ @host_count * limit.to_i / 100, 1 ].max
+      [ host_count * limit.to_i / 100, 1 ].max
     else
       limit
     end
   end
 
   def wait
-    @options["wait"]
+    boot_config["wait"]
   end
 end

lib/kamal/configuration/builder.rb

@@ -1,67 +1,79 @@
 class Kamal::Configuration::Builder
-  def initialize(config:)
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
-    @options = config.raw_config.builder || {}
-    @image = config.image
-    @server = config.registry["server"]
 
-    valid?
+  attr_reader :config, :builder_config
+  delegate :image, :service, to: :config
+  delegate :server, to: :"config.registry"
+
+  def initialize(config:)
+    @config = config
+    @builder_config = config.raw_config.builder || {}
+    @image = config.image
+    @server = config.registry.server
+    @service = config.service
+
+    validate! builder_config, with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Builder
   end
 
   def to_h
-    @options
+    builder_config
   end
 
   def multiarch?
-    @options["multiarch"] != false
+    builder_config["multiarch"] != false
   end
 
   def local?
-    !!@options["local"]
+    !!builder_config["local"]
   end
 
   def remote?
-    !!@options["remote"]
+    !!builder_config["remote"]
   end
 
   def cached?
-    !!@options["cache"]
+    !!builder_config["cache"]
   end
 
   def args
-    @options["args"] || {}
+    builder_config["args"] || {}
   end
 
   def secrets
-    @options["secrets"] || []
+    builder_config["secrets"] || []
   end
 
   def dockerfile
-    @options["dockerfile"] || "Dockerfile"
+    builder_config["dockerfile"] || "Dockerfile"
+  end
+
+  def target
+    builder_config["target"]
   end
 
   def context
-    @options["context"] || (git_archive? ? "-" : ".")
+    builder_config["context"] || "."
   end
 
   def local_arch
-    @options["local"]["arch"] if local?
+    builder_config["local"]["arch"] if local?
   end
 
   def local_host
-    @options["local"]["host"] if local?
+    builder_config["local"]["host"] if local?
   end
 
   def remote_arch
-    @options["remote"]["arch"] if remote?
+    builder_config["remote"]["arch"] if remote?
   end
 
   def remote_host
-    @options["remote"]["host"] if remote?
+    builder_config["remote"]["host"] if remote?
   end
 
   def cache_from
     if cached?
-      case @options["cache"]["type"]
+      case builder_config["cache"]["type"]
       when "gha"
         cache_from_config_for_gha
       when "registry"
@@ -72,7 +84,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Builder
 
   def cache_to
     if cached?
-      case @options["cache"]["type"]
+      case builder_config["cache"]["type"]
       when "gha"
         cache_to_config_for_gha
       when "registry"
@@ -82,26 +94,33 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Builder
   end
 
   def ssh
-    @options["ssh"]
+    builder_config["ssh"]
   end
 
-  def git_archive?
+  def git_clone?
-    Kamal::Git.used? && @options["context"].nil?
+    Kamal::Git.used? && builder_config["context"].nil?
+  end
+
+  def clone_directory
+    @clone_directory ||= File.join Dir.tmpdir, "kamal-clones", [ service, pwd_sha ].compact.join("-")
+  end
+
+  def build_directory
+    @build_directory ||=
+      if git_clone?
+        File.join clone_directory, repo_basename, repo_relative_pwd
+      else
+        "."
+      end
   end
 
   private
-    def valid?
-      if @options["cache"] && @options["cache"]["type"]
-        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid cache type: #{@options["cache"]["type"]}" unless [ "gha", "registry" ].include?(@options["cache"]["type"])
-      end
-    end
-
     def cache_image
-      @options["cache"]&.fetch("image", nil) || "#{@image}-build-cache"
+      builder_config["cache"]&.fetch("image", nil) || "#{image}-build-cache"
     end
 
     def cache_image_ref
-      [ @server, cache_image ].compact.join("/")
+      [ server, cache_image ].compact.join("/")
     end
 
     def cache_from_config_for_gha
@@ -113,10 +132,22 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Builder
     end
 
     def cache_to_config_for_gha
-      [ "type=gha", @options["cache"]&.fetch("options", nil) ].compact.join(",")
+      [ "type=gha", builder_config["cache"]&.fetch("options", nil) ].compact.join(",")
     end
 
     def cache_to_config_for_registry
-      [ "type=registry", @options["cache"]&.fetch("options", nil), "ref=#{cache_image_ref}" ].compact.join(",")
+      [ "type=registry", builder_config["cache"]&.fetch("options", nil), "ref=#{cache_image_ref}" ].compact.join(",")
+    end
+
+    def repo_basename
+      File.basename(Kamal::Git.root)
+    end
+
+    def repo_relative_pwd
+      Dir.pwd.delete_prefix(Kamal::Git.root)
+    end
+
+    def pwd_sha
+      Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(Dir.pwd)[0..12]
     end
 end

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/accessory.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Accessories
+#
+# Accessories can be booted on a single host, a list of hosts, or on specific roles.
+# The hosts do not need to be defined in the Kamal servers configuration.
+#
+# Accessories are managed separately from the main service - they are not updated
+# when you deploy and they do not have zero-downtime deployments.
+#
+# Run `kamal accessory boot <accessory>` to boot an accessory.
+# See `kamal accessory --help` for more information.
+
+# Configuring accessories
+#
+# First define the accessory in the `accessories`
+accessories:
+  mysql:
+
+    # Service name
+    #
+    # This is used in the service label and defaults to `<service>-<accessory>`
+    # where `<service>` is the main service name from the root configuration
+    service: mysql
+
+    # Image
+    #
+    # The Docker image to use, prefix with a registry if not using Docker hub
+    image: mysql:8.0
+
+    # Accessory hosts
+    #
+    # Specify one  of `host`, `hosts` or `roles`
+    host: mysql-db1
+    hosts:
+      - mysql-db1
+      - mysql-db2
+    roles:
+      - mysql
+
+    # Custom command
+    #
+    # You can set a custom command to run in the container, if you do not want to use the default
+    cmd: "bin/mysqld"
+
+    # Port mappings
+    #
+    # See https://docs.docker.com/network/, especially note the warning about the security
+    # implications of exposing ports publicly.
+    port: "127.0.0.1:3306:3306"
+
+    # Labels
+    labels:
+      app: myapp
+
+    # Options
+    # These are passed to the Docker run command in the form `--<name> <value>`
+    options:
+      restart: always
+      cpus: 2
+
+    # Environment variables
+    # See kamal docs env for more information
+    env:
+      ...
+
+    # Copying files
+    #
+    # You can specify files to mount into the container.
+    # The format is `local:remote` where `local` is the path to the file on the local machine
+    # and `remote` is the path to the file in the container.
+    #
+    # They will be uploaded from the local repo to the host and then mounted.
+    #
+    # ERB files will be evaluated before being copied.
+    files:
+      - config/my.cnf.erb:/etc/mysql/my.cnf
+      - config/myoptions.cnf:/etc/mysql/myoptions.cnf
+
+    # Directories
+    #
+    # You can specify directories to mount into the container. They will be created on the host
+    # before being mounted
+    directories:
+      - mysql-logs:/var/log/mysql
+
+    # Volumes
+    #
+    # Any other volumes to mount, in addition to the files and directories.
+    # They are not created or copied before mounting
+    volumes:
+      - /path/to/mysql-logs:/var/log/mysql

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/boot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Booting
+#
+# When deploying to large numbers of hosts, you might prefer not to restart your services on every host at the same time.
+#
+# Kamal’s default is to boot new containers on all hosts in parallel. But you can control this with the boot configuration.
+
+# Fixed group sizes
+#
+# Here we boot 2 hosts at a time with a 10 second gap between each group.
+boot:
+  limit: 2
+  wait: 10
+
+# Percentage of hosts
+#
+# Here we boot 25% of the hosts at a time with a 2 second gap between each group.
+boot:
+  limit: 25%
+  wait: 2

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/builder.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# Builder
+#
+# The builder configuration controls how the application is built with `docker build` or `docker buildx build`
+#
+# If no configuration is specified, Kamal will:
+# 1. Create a buildx context called `kamal-<service>-multiarch`
+# 2. Use `docker buildx build` to build a multiarch image for linux/amd64,linux/arm64 with that context
+#
+# See https://kamal-deploy.org/docs/configuration/builder-examples/ for more information
+
+# Builder options
+#
+# Options go under the builder key in the root configuration.
+builder:
+
+  # Multiarch
+  #
+  # Enables multiarch builds, defaults to `true`
+  multiarch: false
+
+  # Local configuration
+  #
+  # The build configuration for local builds, only used if multiarch is enabled (the default)
+  #
+  # If there is no remote configuration, by default we build for amd64 and arm64.
+  # If you only want to build for one architecture, you can specify it here.
+  # The docker socket is optional and uses the default docker host socket when not specified
+  local:
+    arch: amd64
+    host: /var/run/docker.sock
+
+  # Remote configuration
+  #
+  # The build configuration for remote builds, also only used if multiarch is enabled.
+  # The arch is required and can be either amd64 or arm64.
+  remote:
+    arch: arm64
+    host: ssh://docker@docker-builder
+
+  # Builder cache
+  #
+  # The type must be either 'gha' or 'registry'
+  #
+  # The image is only used for registry cache
+  cache:
+    type: registry
+    options: mode=max
+    image: kamal-app-build-cache
+
+  # Build context
+  #
+  # If this is not set, then a local git clone of the repo is used.
+  # This ensures a clean build with no uncommitted changes.
+  #
+  # To use the local checkout instead you can set the context to `.`, or a path to another directory.
+  context: .
+
+  # Dockerfile
+  #
+  # The Dockerfile to use for building, defaults to `Dockerfile`
+  dockerfile: Dockerfile.production
+
+  # Build target
+  #
+  # If not set, then the default target is used
+  target: production
+
+  # Build Arguments
+  #
+  # Any additional build arguments, passed to `docker build` with `--build-arg <key>=<value>`
+  args:
+    ENVIRONMENT: production
+
+  # Referencing build arguments
+  #
+  # ```shell
+  # ARG RUBY_VERSION
+  # FROM ruby:$RUBY_VERSION-slim as base
+  # ```
+
+  # Build secrets
+  #
+  # Values are read from the environment.
+  #
+  secrets:
+    - SECRET1
+    - SECRET2
+
+  # Referencing Build Secrets
+  #
+  # ```shell
+  # # Copy Gemfiles
+  # COPY Gemfile Gemfile.lock ./
+  #
+  # # Install dependencies, including private repositories via access token
+  # # Then remove bundle cache with exposed GITHUB_TOKEN)
+  # RUN --mount=type=secret,id=GITHUB_TOKEN \
+  #   BUNDLE_GITHUB__COM=x-access-token:$(cat /run/secrets/GITHUB_TOKEN) \
+  #   bundle install && \
+  #   rm -rf /usr/local/bundle/cache
+  # ```
+
+
+  # SSH
+  #
+  # SSH agent socket or keys to expose to the build
+  ssh: default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/configuration.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# Kamal Configuration
+#
+# Configuration is read from the `config/deploy.yml`
+#
+# When running commands, you can specify a destination with the `-d` flag,
+# e.g. `kamal deploy -d staging`
+#
+# In this case the configuration will also be read from `config/deploy.staging.yml`
+# and merged with the base configuration.
+#
+# The available configuration options are explained below.
+
+# The service name
+# This is a required value. It is used as the container name prefix.
+service: myapp
+
+# The Docker image name
+#
+# The image will be pushed to the configured registry.
+image: my-image
+
+# Labels
+#
+# Additional labels to add to the container
+labels:
+  my-label: my-value
+
+# Additional volumes to mount into the container
+volumes:
+  - /path/on/host:/path/in/container:ro
+
+# Registry
+#
+# The Docker registry configuration, see kamal docs registry
+registry:
+  ...
+
+# Servers
+#
+# The servers to deploy to, optionally with custom roles, see kamal docs servers
+servers:
+  ...
+
+# Environment variables
+#
+# See kamal docs env
+env:
+  ...
+
+# Asset Bridging
+#
+# Used for asset bridging across deployments, default to `nil`
+#
+# If there are changes to CSS or JS files, we may get requests
+# for the old versions on the new container and vice-versa.
+#
+# To avoid 404s we can specify an asset path.
+# Kamal will replace that path in the container with a mapped
+# volume containing both sets of files.
+# This requires that file names change when the contents change
+# (e.g. by including a hash of the contents in the name).
+
+# To configure this, set the path to the assets:
+asset_path: /path/to/assets
+
+# Path to hooks, defaults to `.kamal/hooks`
+# See https://kamal-deploy.org/docs/hooks for more information
+hooks_path: /user_home/kamal/hooks
+
+# Require destinations
+#
+# Whether deployments require a destination to be specified, defaults to `false`
+require_destination: true
+
+# The primary role
+#
+# This defaults to `web`, but if you have no web role, you can change this
+primary_role: workers
+
+# Allowing empty roles
+#
+# Whether roles with no servers are allowed. Defaults to `false`.
+allow_empty_roles: false
+
+# Stop wait time
+#
+# How long we wait for a container to stop before killing it, defaults to 30 seconds
+stop_wait_time: 60
+
+# Retain containers
+#
+# How many old containers and images we retain, defaults to 5
+retain_containers: 3
+
+# Minimum version
+#
+# The minimum version of Kamal required to deploy this configuration, defaults to nil
+minimum_version: 1.3.0
+
+# Readiness delay
+#
+# Seconds to wait for a container to boot after is running, default 7
+# This only applies to containers that do not specify a healthcheck
+readiness_delay: 4
+
+# Run directory
+#
+# Directory to store kamal runtime files in on the host, default `.kamal`
+run_directory: /etc/kamal
+
+# SSH options
+#
+# See kamal docs ssh
+ssh:
+  ...
+
+# Builder options
+#
+# See kamal docs builder
+builder:
+  ...
+
+# Accessories
+#
+# Additionals services to run in Docker, see kamal docs accessory
+accessories:
+  ...
+
+# Traefik
+#
+# The Traefik proxy is used for zero-downtime deployments, see kamal docs traefik
+traefik:
+  ...
+
+# SSHKit
+#
+# See kamal docs sshkit
+sshkit:
+  ...
+
+# Boot options
+#
+# See kamal docs boot
+boot:
+  ...
+
+# Healthcheck
+#
+# Configuring healthcheck commands, intervals and timeouts, see kamal docs healthcheck
+healthcheck:
+  ...
+
+# Logging
+#
+# Docker logging configuration, see kamal docs logging
+logging:
+  ...

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/env.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Environment variables
+#
+# Environment variables can be set directory in the Kamal configuration or
+# for loaded from a .env file, for secrets that should not be checked into Git.
+
+# Reading environment variables from the configuration
+#
+# Environment variables can be set directly in the configuration file.
+#
+# These are passed to the docker run command when deploying.
+env:
+  DATABASE_HOST: mysql-db1
+  DATABASE_PORT: 3306
+
+# Using .env file to load required environment variables
+#
+# Kamal uses dotenv to automatically load environment variables set in the .env file present
+# in the application root.
+#
+# This file can be used to set variables like KAMAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD or database passwords.
+# But for this reason you must ensure that .env files are not checked into Git or included
+# in your Dockerfile! The format is just key-value like:
+# ```
+# KAMAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD=pw
+# DB_PASSWORD=secret123
+# ```
+# See https://kamal-deploy.org/docs/commands/envify/ for how to use generated .env files.
+#
+# To pass the secrets you should list them under the `secret` key. When you do this the
+# other variables need to be moved under the `clear` key.
+#
+# Unlike clear valies, secrets are not passed directly to the container,
+# but are stored in an env file on the host
+# The file is not updated when deploying, only when running `kamal envify` or `kamal env push`.
+env:
+  clear:
+    DB_USER: app
+  secret:
+    - DB_PASSWORD
+
+# Tags
+#
+# Tags are used to add extra env variables to specific hosts.
+# See kamal docs servers for how to tag hosts.
+#
+# Tags are only allowed in the top level env configuration (i.e not under a role specific env).
+#
+# The env variables can be specified with secret and clear values as explained above.
+env:
+  tags:
+    <tag1>:
+      MYSQL_USER: monitoring
+    <tag2>:
+      clear:
+        MYSQL_USER: readonly
+      secret:
+        - MYSQL_PASSWORD
+
+# Example configuration
+env:
+  clear:
+    MYSQL_USER: app
+  secret:
+    - MYSQL_PASSWORD
+  tags:
+    monitoring:
+      MYSQL_USER: monitoring
+    replica:
+      clear:
+        MYSQL_USER: readonly
+      secret:
+        - READONLY_PASSWORD

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/healthcheck.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Healthcheck configuration
+#
+# On roles that are running Traefik, Kamal will supply a default healthcheck to `docker run`.
+# For other roles, by default no healthcheck is supplied.
+#
+# If no healthcheck is supplied and the image does not define one, they we wait for the container
+# to reach a running state and then pause for the readiness delay.
+#
+# The default healthcheck is `curl -f http://localhost:<port>/<path>`, so it assumes that `curl`
+# is available within the container.
+
+# Healthcheck options
+#
+# These go under the `healthcheck` key in the root or role configuration.
+healthcheck:
+
+  # Command
+  #
+  # The command to run, defaults to `curl -f http://localhost:<port>/<path>` on roles running Traefik
+  cmd: "curl -f http://localhost"
+
+  # Interval
+  #
+  # The Docker healthcheck interval, defaults to `1s`
+  interval: 10s
+
+  # Max attempts
+  #
+  # The maximum number of times we poll the container to see if it is healthy, defaults to `7`
+  # Each check is separated by an increasing interval starting with 1 second.
+  max_attempts: 3
+
+  # Port
+  #
+  # The port to use in the healthcheck, defaults to `3000`
+  port: "80"
+
+  # Path
+  #
+  # The path to use in the healthcheck, defaults to `/up`
+  path: /health
+
+  # Cords for zero-downtime deployments
+  #
+  # The cord file is used for zero-downtime deployments. The healthcheck is augmented with a check
+  # for the existance of the file. This allows us to delete the file and force the container to
+  # become unhealthy, causing Traefik to stop routing traffic to it.
+  #
+  # Kamal mounts a volume at this location and creates the file before starting the container.
+  # You can set the value to `false` to disable the cord file, but this loses the zero-downtime
+  # guarantee.
+  #
+  # The default value is `/tmp/kamal-cord`
+  cord: /cord
+
+  # Log lines
+  #
+  # Number of lines to log from the container when the healthcheck fails, defaults to `50`
+  log_lines: 100

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/logging.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Custom logging configuration
+#
+# Set these to control the Docker logging driver and options.
+
+# Logging settings
+#
+# These go under the logging key in the configuration file.
+#
+# This can be specified in the root level or for a specific role.
+logging:
+
+  # Driver
+  #
+  # The logging driver to use, passed to Docker via `--log-driver`
+  driver: json-file
+
+  # Options
+  #
+  # Any logging options to pass to the driver, passed to Docker via `--log-opt`
+  options:
+    max-size: 100m

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/registry.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Registry
+#
+# The default registry is Docker Hub, but you can change it using registry/server:
+#
+# A reference to secret (in this case DOCKER_REGISTRY_TOKEN) will look up the secret
+# in the local environment.
+
+registry:
+  server: registry.digitalocean.com
+  username:
+    - DOCKER_REGISTRY_TOKEN
+  password:
+    - DOCKER_REGISTRY_TOKEN
+
+# Using AWS ECR as the container registry
+# You will need to have the aws CLI installed locally for this to work.
+# AWS ECR’s access token is only valid for 12hrs. In order to not have to manually regenerate the token every time, you can use ERB in the deploy.yml file to shell out to the aws cli command, and obtain the token:
+
+registry:
+  server: <your aws account id>.dkr.ecr.<your aws region id>.amazonaws.com
+  username: AWS
+  password: <%= %x(aws ecr get-login-password) %>
+
+# Using GCP Artifact Registry as the container registry
+# To sign into Artifact Registry, you would need to
+# [create a service account](https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/service-accounts-create#creating)
+# and [set up roles and permissions](https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry/docs/access-control#permissions).
+# Normally, assigning a roles/artifactregistry.writer role should be sufficient.
+#
+# Once the service account is ready, you need to generate and download a JSON key, base64 encode it and add to .env:
+#
+# ```shell
+# echo "KAMAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD=$(base64 -i /path/to/key.json)" | tr -d "\\n"  >> .env
+# ```
+# Use the env variable as password along with _json_key_base64 as username.
+# Here’s the final configuration:
+
+registry:
+  server: <your registry region>-docker.pkg.dev
+  username: _json_key_base64
+  password:
+    - KAMAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD
+
+# Validating the configuration
+#
+# You can validate the configuration by running:
+# ```shell
+# kamal registry login
+# ```

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/role.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Roles
+#
+# Roles are used to configure different types of servers in the deployment.
+# The most common use for this is to run a web servers and job servers.
+#
+# Kamal expects there to be a `web` role, unless you set a different `primary_role`
+# in the root configuration.
+
+# Role configuration
+#
+# Roles are specified under the servers key
+servers:
+
+  # Simple role configuration
+  #
+  #
+  # This can be a list of hosts, if you don't need custom configuration for the role.
+  #
+  # You can set tags on the hosts for custom env variables (see kamal docs env)
+  web:
+    - 172.1.0.1
+    - 172.1.0.2: experiment1
+    - 172.1.0.2: [ experiment1, experiment2 ]
+
+  # Custom role configuration
+  #
+  # When there are other options to set, the list of hosts goes under the `hosts` key
+  #
+  # By default only the primary role uses Traefik, but you can set `traefik` to change
+  # it.
+  #
+  # You can also set a custom cmd to run in the container, and overwrite other settings
+  # from the root configuration.
+  workers:
+    hosts:
+      - 172.1.0.3
+      - 172.1.0.4: experiment1
+    traefik: true
+    cmd: "bin/jobs"
+    options:
+      memory: 2g
+      cpus: 4
+    healthcheck:
+      ...
+    logging:
+      ...
+    labels:
+      my-label: workers
+    env:
+      ...
+    asset_path: /public
+

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/servers.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Servers
+#
+# Servers are split into different roles, with each role having its own configuration.
+#
+# For simpler deployments though where all servers are identical, you can just specify a list of servers
+# They will be implicitly assigned to the `web` role.
+servers:
+  - 172.0.0.1
+  - 172.0.0.2
+  - 172.0.0.3
+
+# Tagging servers
+#
+# Servers can be tagged, with the tags used to add custom env variables (see kamal docs env).
+servers:
+  - 172.0.0.1
+  - 172.0.0.2: experiments
+  - 172.0.0.3: [ experiments, three ]
+
+# Roles
+#
+# For more complex deployments (e.g. if you are running job hosts), you can specify roles, and configure each separately (see kamal docs role)
+servers:
+  web:
+    ...
+  workers:
+    ...

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/ssh.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# SSH configuration
+#
+# Kamal uses SSH to connect run commands on your hosts.
+# By default it will attempt to connect to the root user on port 22
+#
+# If you are using non-root user, you may need to bootstrap your servers manually, before using them with Kamal. On Ubuntu, you’d do:
+#
+# ```shell
+# sudo apt update
+# sudo apt upgrade -y
+# sudo apt install -y docker.io curl git
+# sudo usermod -a -G docker app
+# ```
+
+
+# SSH options
+#
+# The options are specified under the ssh key in the configuration file.
+ssh:
+
+  # The SSH user
+  #
+  # Defaults to `root`
+  #
+  user: app
+
+  # The SSH port
+  #
+  # Defaults to 22
+  port: "2222"
+
+  # Proxy host
+  #
+  # Specified in the form <host> or <user>@<host>
+  proxy: root@proxy-host
+
+  # Proxy command
+  #
+  # A custom proxy command, required for older versions of SSH
+  proxy_command: "ssh -W %h:%p user@proxy"
+
+  # Log level
+  #
+  # Defaults to `fatal`. Set this to debug if you are having
+  # SSH connection issues.
+  log_level: debug

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/sshkit.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# SSHKit
+#
+# [SSHKit](https://github.com/capistrano/sshkit) is the SSH toolkit used by Kamal.
+#
+# The default settings should be sufficient for most use cases, but
+# when connecting to a large number of hosts you may need to adjust
+
+# SSHKit options
+#
+# The options are specified under the sshkit key in the configuration file.
+sshkit:
+
+  # Max concurrent starts
+  #
+  # Creating SSH connections concurrently can be an issue when deploying to many servers.
+  # By default Kamal will limit concurrent connection starts to 30 at a time.
+  max_concurrent_starts: 10
+
+  # Pool idle timeout
+  #
+  # Kamal sets a long idle timeout of 900 seconds on connections to try to avoid
+  # re-connection storms after an idle period, like building an image or waiting for CI.
+  pool_idle_timeout: 300

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/traefik.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Traefik
+#
+# Traefik is a reverse proxy, used by Kamal for zero-downtime deployments.
+#
+# We start an instance on the hosts in it's own container.
+#
+# During a deployment:
+# 1. We start a new container which Traefik automatically detects due to the labels we have applied
+# 2. Traefik starts routing traffic to the new container
+# 3. We force the old container to fail it's healthcheck, causing Traefik to stop routing traffic to it
+# 4. We stop the old container
+
+# Traefik settings
+#
+# Traekik is configured in the root configuration under `traefik`.
+traefik:
+
+  # Image
+  #
+  # The Traefik image to use, defaults to `traefik:v2.10`
+  image: traefik:v2.9
+
+  # Host port
+  #
+  # The host port to publish the Traefik container on, defaults to `80`
+  host_port: "8080"
+
+  # Disabling publishing
+  #
+  # To avoid publishing the Traefik container, set this to `false`
+  publish: false
+
+  # Labels
+  #
+  # Additional labels to apply to the Traefik container
+  labels:
+    traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints: http
+    traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule: PathPrefix(`/`)
+    traefik.http.routers.catchall.service: unavailable
+    traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority: "1"
+    traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port: "0"
+
+  # Arguments
+  #
+  # Additional arguments to pass to the Traefik container
+  args:
+    entryPoints.http.address: ":80"
+    entryPoints.http.forwardedHeaders.insecure: true
+    accesslog: true
+    accesslog.format: json
+
+  # Options
+  #
+  # Additional options to pass to `docker run`
+  options:
+    cpus: 2
+
+  # Environment variables
+  #
+  # See kamal docs env
+  env:
+    ...

lib/kamal/configuration/env.rb

@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
 class Kamal::Configuration::Env
-  attr_reader :secrets_keys, :clear, :secrets_file
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :secrets_keys, :clear, :secrets_file, :context
   delegate :argumentize, to: Kamal::Utils
 
-  def self.from_config(config:, secrets_file: nil)
+  def initialize(config:, secrets_file: nil, context: "env")
-    secrets_keys = config.fetch("secret", [])
+    @clear = config.fetch("clear", config.key?("secret") || config.key?("tags") ? {} : config)
-    clear = config.fetch("clear", config.key?("secret") ? {} : config)
+    @secrets_keys = config.fetch("secret", [])
-
-    new clear: clear, secrets_keys: secrets_keys, secrets_file: secrets_file
-  end
-
-  def initialize(clear:, secrets_keys:, secrets_file:)
-    @clear = clear
-    @secrets_keys = secrets_keys
     @secrets_file = secrets_file
+    @context = context
+    validate! config, context: context, with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Env
   end
 
   def args
@@ -33,8 +30,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Env
 
   def merge(other)
     self.class.new \
-      clear: @clear.merge(other.clear),
+      config: { "clear" => clear.merge(other.clear), "secret" => secrets_keys | other.secrets_keys },
-      secrets_keys: @secrets_keys | other.secrets_keys,
+      secrets_file: secrets_file || other.secrets_file
-      secrets_file: secrets_file
   end
 end

lib/kamal/configuration/env/tag.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Env::Tag
+  attr_reader :name, :config
+
+  def initialize(name, config:)
+    @name = name
+    @config = config
+  end
+
+  def env
+    Kamal::Configuration::Env.new(config: config)
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/healthcheck.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Healthcheck
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :healthcheck_config
+
+  def initialize(healthcheck_config:, context: "healthcheck")
+    @healthcheck_config = healthcheck_config || {}
+    validate! @healthcheck_config, context: context
+  end
+
+  def merge(other)
+    self.class.new healthcheck_config: healthcheck_config.deep_merge(other.healthcheck_config)
+  end
+
+  def cmd
+    healthcheck_config.fetch("cmd", http_health_check)
+  end
+
+  def port
+    healthcheck_config.fetch("port", 3000)
+  end
+
+  def path
+    healthcheck_config.fetch("path", "/up")
+  end
+
+  def max_attempts
+    healthcheck_config.fetch("max_attempts", 7)
+  end
+
+  def interval
+    healthcheck_config.fetch("interval", "1s")
+  end
+
+  def cord
+    healthcheck_config.fetch("cord", "/tmp/kamal-cord")
+  end
+
+  def log_lines
+    healthcheck_config.fetch("log_lines", 50)
+  end
+
+  def set_port_or_path?
+    healthcheck_config["port"].present? || healthcheck_config["path"].present?
+  end
+
+  def to_h
+    {
+      "cmd" => cmd,
+      "interval" => interval,
+      "max_attempts" => max_attempts,
+      "port" => port,
+      "path" => path,
+      "cord" => cord,
+      "log_lines" => log_lines
+    }
+  end
+
+  private
+    def http_health_check
+      "curl -f #{URI.join("http://localhost:#{port}", path)} || exit 1" if path.present? || port.present?
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/logging.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Logging
+  delegate :optionize, :argumentize, to: Kamal::Utils
+
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :logging_config
+
+  def initialize(logging_config:, context: "logging")
+    @logging_config = logging_config || {}
+    validate! @logging_config, context: context
+  end
+
+  def driver
+    logging_config["driver"]
+  end
+
+  def options
+    logging_config.fetch("options", {})
+  end
+
+  def merge(other)
+    self.class.new logging_config: logging_config.deep_merge(other.logging_config)
+  end
+
+  def args
+    if driver.present? || options.present?
+      optionize({ "log-driver" => driver }.compact) +
+        argumentize("--log-opt", options)
+    else
+      argumentize("--log-opt", { "max-size" => "10m" })
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/registry.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Registry
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :registry_config
+
+  def initialize(config:)
+    @registry_config = config.raw_config.registry || {}
+    validate! registry_config, with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Registry
+  end
+
+  def server
+    registry_config["server"]
+  end
+
+  def username
+    lookup("username")
+  end
+
+  def password
+    lookup("password")
+  end
+
+  private
+    def lookup(key)
+      if registry_config[key].is_a?(Array)
+        ENV.fetch(registry_config[key].first).dup
+      else
+        registry_config[key]
+      end
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/role.rb

@@ -1,12 +1,33 @@
 class Kamal::Configuration::Role
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
   CORD_FILE = "cord"
   delegate :argumentize, :optionize, to: Kamal::Utils
 
-  attr_accessor :name
+  attr_reader :name, :config, :specialized_env, :specialized_logging, :specialized_healthcheck
+
   alias to_s name
 
   def initialize(name, config:)
     @name, @config = name.inquiry, config
+    validate! \
+      specializations,
+      example: validation_yml["servers"]["workers"],
+      context: "servers/#{name}",
+      with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Role
+
+    @specialized_env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.new \
+      config: specializations.fetch("env", {}),
+      secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "roles", "#{container_prefix}.env"),
+      context: "servers/#{name}/env"
+
+    @specialized_logging = Kamal::Configuration::Logging.new \
+      logging_config: specializations.fetch("logging", {}),
+      context: "servers/#{name}/logging"
+
+    @specialized_healthcheck = Kamal::Configuration::Healthcheck.new \
+      healthcheck_config: specializations.fetch("healthcheck", {}),
+      context: "servers/#{name}/healthcheck"
   end
 
   def primary_host
@@ -14,7 +35,11 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
   end
 
   def hosts
-    @hosts ||= extract_hosts_from_config
+    tagged_hosts.keys
+  end
+
+  def env_tags(host)
+    tagged_hosts.fetch(host).collect { |tag| config.env_tag(tag) }
   end
 
   def cmd
@@ -38,24 +63,21 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
   end
 
   def logging_args
-    args = config.logging || {}
+    logging.args
-    args.deep_merge!(specializations["logging"]) if specializations["logging"].present?
+  end
 
-    if args.any?
+  def logging
-      optionize({ "log-driver" => args["driver"] }.compact) +
+    @logging ||= config.logging.merge(specialized_logging)
-        argumentize("--log-opt", args["options"])
-    else
-      config.logging_args
-    end
   end
 
 
-  def env
+  def env(host)
-    @env ||= base_env.merge(specialized_env)
+    @envs ||= {}
+    @envs[host] ||= [ config.env, specialized_env, *env_tags(host).map(&:env) ].reduce(:merge)
   end
 
-  def env_args
+  def env_args(host)
-    env.args
+    env(host).args
   end
 
   def asset_volume_args
@@ -64,28 +86,29 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
 
 
   def health_check_args(cord: true)
-    if health_check_cmd.present?
+    if running_traefik? || healthcheck.set_port_or_path?
       if cord && uses_cord?
-        optionize({ "health-cmd" => health_check_cmd_with_cord, "health-interval" => health_check_interval })
+        optionize({ "health-cmd" => health_check_cmd_with_cord, "health-interval" => healthcheck.interval })
           .concat(cord_volume.docker_args)
       else
-        optionize({ "health-cmd" => health_check_cmd, "health-interval" => health_check_interval })
+        optionize({ "health-cmd" => healthcheck.cmd, "health-interval" => healthcheck.interval })
       end
     else
       []
     end
   end
 
-  def health_check_cmd
+  def healthcheck
-    health_check_options["cmd"] || http_health_check(port: health_check_options["port"], path: health_check_options["path"])
+    @healthcheck ||=
+      if running_traefik?
+        config.healthcheck.merge(specialized_healthcheck)
+      else
+        specialized_healthcheck
+      end
   end
 
   def health_check_cmd_with_cord
-    "(#{health_check_cmd}) && (stat #{cord_container_file} > /dev/null || exit 1)"
+    "(#{healthcheck.cmd}) && (stat #{cord_container_file} > /dev/null || exit 1)"
-  end
-
-  def health_check_interval
-    health_check_options["interval"] || "1s"
   end
 
 
@@ -103,7 +126,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
 
 
   def uses_cord?
-    running_traefik? && cord_volume && health_check_cmd.present?
+    running_traefik? && cord_volume && healthcheck.cmd.present?
   end
 
   def cord_host_directory
@@ -111,7 +134,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
   end
 
   def cord_volume
-    if (cord = health_check_options["cord"])
+    if (cord = healthcheck.cord)
       @cord_volume ||= Kamal::Configuration::Volume.new \
         host_path: File.join(config.run_directory, "cords", [ container_prefix, config.run_id ].join("-")),
         container_path: cord
@@ -164,13 +187,24 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
   end
 
   private
-    attr_accessor :config
+    def tagged_hosts
+      {}.tap do |tagged_hosts|
+        extract_hosts_from_config.map do |host_config|
+          if host_config.is_a?(Hash)
+            host, tags = host_config.first
+            tagged_hosts[host] = Array(tags)
+          elsif host_config.is_a?(String)
+            tagged_hosts[host_config] = []
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
 
     def extract_hosts_from_config
-      if config.servers.is_a?(Array)
+      if config.raw_config.servers.is_a?(Array)
-        config.servers
+        config.raw_config.servers
       else
-        servers = config.servers[name]
+        servers = config.raw_config.servers[name]
         servers.is_a?(Array) ? servers : Array(servers["hosts"])
       end
     end
@@ -179,6 +213,14 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
       { "service" => config.service, "role" => name, "destination" => config.destination }
     end
 
+    def specializations
+      if config.raw_config.servers.is_a?(Array) || config.raw_config.servers[name].is_a?(Array)
+        {}
+      else
+        config.raw_config.servers[name]
+      end
+    end
+
     def traefik_labels
       if running_traefik?
         {
@@ -206,35 +248,4 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
         labels.merge!(specializations["labels"]) if specializations["labels"].present?
       end
     end
-
-    def specializations
-      if config.servers.is_a?(Array) || config.servers[name].is_a?(Array)
-        {}
-      else
-        config.servers[name].except("hosts")
-      end
-    end
-
-    def specialized_env
-      Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config config: specializations.fetch("env", {})
-    end
-
-    # Secrets are stored in an array, which won't merge by default, so have to do it by hand.
-    def base_env
-      Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config \
-        config: config.env,
-        secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "roles", "#{container_prefix}.env")
-    end
-
-    def http_health_check(port:, path:)
-      "curl -f #{URI.join("http://localhost:#{port}", path)} || exit 1" if path.present? || port.present?
-    end
-
-    def health_check_options
-      @health_check_options ||= begin
-        options = specializations["healthcheck"] || {}
-        options = config.healthcheck.merge(options) if running_traefik?
-        options
-      end
-    end
 end

lib/kamal/configuration/servers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Servers
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :config, :servers_config, :roles
+
+  def initialize(config:)
+    @config = config
+    @servers_config = config.raw_config.servers
+    validate! servers_config, with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Servers
+
+    @roles = role_names.map { |role_name| Kamal::Configuration::Role.new role_name, config: config }
+  end
+
+  private
+    def role_names
+      servers_config.is_a?(Array) ? [ "web" ] : servers_config.keys.sort
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/ssh.rb

@@ -1,22 +1,27 @@
 class Kamal::Configuration::Ssh
   LOGGER = ::Logger.new(STDERR)
 
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :ssh_config
+
   def initialize(config:)
-    @config = config.raw_config.ssh || {}
+    @ssh_config = config.raw_config.ssh || {}
+    validate! ssh_config
   end
 
   def user
-    config.fetch("user", "root")
+    ssh_config.fetch("user", "root")
   end
 
   def port
-    config.fetch("port", 22)
+    ssh_config.fetch("port", 22)
   end
 
   def proxy
-    if (proxy = config["proxy"])
+    if (proxy = ssh_config["proxy"])
       Net::SSH::Proxy::Jump.new(proxy.include?("@") ? proxy : "root@#{proxy}")
-    elsif (proxy_command = config["proxy_command"])
+    elsif (proxy_command = ssh_config["proxy_command"])
       Net::SSH::Proxy::Command.new(proxy_command)
     end
   end
@@ -30,13 +35,11 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Ssh
   end
 
   private
-    attr_accessor :config
-
     def logger
       LOGGER.tap { |logger| logger.level = log_level }
     end
 
     def log_level
-      config.fetch("log_level", :fatal)
+      ssh_config.fetch("log_level", :fatal)
     end
 end

lib/kamal/configuration/sshkit.rb

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 class Kamal::Configuration::Sshkit
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :sshkit_config
+
   def initialize(config:)
-    @options = config.raw_config.sshkit || {}
+    @sshkit_config = config.raw_config.sshkit || {}
+    validate! sshkit_config
   end
 
   def max_concurrent_starts
-    options.fetch("max_concurrent_starts", 30)
+    sshkit_config.fetch("max_concurrent_starts", 30)
   end
 
   def pool_idle_timeout
-    options.fetch("pool_idle_timeout", 900)
+    sshkit_config.fetch("pool_idle_timeout", 900)
   end
 
   def to_h
-    options
+    sshkit_config
   end
-
-  private
-    attr_accessor :options
 end

lib/kamal/configuration/traefik.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Traefik
+  DEFAULT_IMAGE = "traefik:v2.10"
+  CONTAINER_PORT = 80
+  DEFAULT_ARGS = {
+    "log.level" => "DEBUG"
+  }
+  DEFAULT_LABELS = {
+    # These ensure we serve a 502 rather than a 404 if no containers are available
+    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints" => "http",
+    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule" => "PathPrefix(`/`)",
+    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.service" => "unavailable",
+    "traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority" => 1,
+    "traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port" => "0"
+  }
+
+  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+
+  attr_reader :config, :traefik_config
+
+  def initialize(config:)
+    @config = config
+    @traefik_config = config.raw_config.traefik || {}
+    validate! traefik_config
+  end
+
+  def publish?
+    traefik_config["publish"] != false
+  end
+
+  def labels
+    DEFAULT_LABELS.merge(traefik_config["labels"] || {})
+  end
+
+  def env
+    Kamal::Configuration::Env.new \
+      config: traefik_config.fetch("env", {}),
+      secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "traefik", "traefik.env"),
+      context: "traefik/env"
+  end
+
+  def host_port
+    traefik_config.fetch("host_port", CONTAINER_PORT)
+  end
+
+  def options
+    traefik_config.fetch("options", {})
+  end
+
+  def port
+    "#{host_port}:#{CONTAINER_PORT}"
+  end
+
+  def args
+    DEFAULT_ARGS.merge(traefik_config.fetch("args", {}))
+  end
+
+  def image
+    traefik_config.fetch("image", DEFAULT_IMAGE)
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+require "yaml"
+require "active_support/inflector"
+
+module Kamal::Configuration::Validation
+  extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+  class_methods do
+    def validation_doc
+      @validation_doc ||= File.read(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "docs", "#{validation_config_key}.yml"))
+    end
+
+    def validation_config_key
+      @validation_config_key ||= name.demodulize.underscore
+    end
+  end
+
+  def validate!(config, example: nil, context: nil, with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator)
+    context ||= self.class.validation_config_key
+    example ||= validation_yml[self.class.validation_config_key]
+
+    with.new(config, example: example, context: context).validate!
+  end
+
+  def validation_yml
+    @validation_yml ||= YAML.load(self.class.validation_doc)
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Validator
+  attr_reader :config, :example, :context
+
+  def initialize(config, example:, context:)
+    @config = config
+    @example = example
+    @context = context
+  end
+
+  def validate!
+    validate_against_example! config, example
+  end
+
+  private
+    def validate_against_example!(validation_config, example)
+      validate_type! validation_config, Hash
+
+      if (unknown_keys = validation_config.keys - example.keys).any?
+        unknown_keys_error unknown_keys
+      end
+
+      validation_config.each do |key, value|
+        with_context(key) do
+          example_value = example[key]
+
+          if example_value == "..."
+            validate_type! value, *(Array if key == :servers), Hash
+          elsif key == "hosts"
+            validate_servers! value
+          elsif example_value.is_a?(Array)
+            validate_array_of! value, example_value.first.class
+          elsif example_value.is_a?(Hash)
+            case key.to_s
+            when "options"
+              validate_type! value, Hash
+            when "args", "labels"
+              validate_hash_of! value, example_value.first[1].class
+            else
+              validate_against_example! value, example_value
+            end
+          else
+            validate_type! value, example_value.class
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    def valid_type?(value, type)
+      value.is_a?(type) ||
+        (type == String && stringish?(value)) ||
+        (boolean?(type) && boolean?(value.class))
+    end
+
+    def type_description(type)
+      if type == Integer || type == Array
+        "an #{type.name.downcase}"
+      elsif type == TrueClass || type == FalseClass
+        "a boolean"
+      else
+        "a #{type.name.downcase}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def boolean?(type)
+      type == TrueClass || type == FalseClass
+    end
+
+    def stringish?(value)
+      value.is_a?(String) || value.is_a?(Symbol) || value.is_a?(Numeric) || value.is_a?(TrueClass) || value.is_a?(FalseClass)
+    end
+
+    def validate_array_of!(array, type)
+      validate_type! array, Array
+
+      array.each_with_index do |value, index|
+        with_context(index) do
+          validate_type! value, type
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def validate_hash_of!(hash, type)
+      validate_type! hash, Hash
+
+      hash.each do |key, value|
+        with_context(key) do
+          validate_type! value, type
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def validate_servers!(servers)
+      validate_type! servers, Array
+
+      servers.each_with_index do |server, index|
+        with_context(index) do
+          validate_type! server, String, Hash
+
+          if server.is_a?(Hash)
+            error "multiple hosts found" unless server.size == 1
+            host, tags = server.first
+
+            with_context(host) do
+              validate_type! tags, String, Array
+              validate_array_of! tags, String if tags.is_a?(Array)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def validate_type!(value, *types)
+      type_error(*types) unless types.any? { |type| valid_type?(value, type) }
+    end
+
+    def error(message)
+      raise Kamal::ConfigurationError, "#{error_context}#{message}"
+    end
+
+    def type_error(*expected_types)
+      error "should be #{expected_types.map { |type| type_description(type) }.join(" or ")}"
+    end
+
+    def unknown_keys_error(unknown_keys)
+      error "unknown #{"key".pluralize(unknown_keys.count)}: #{unknown_keys.join(", ")}"
+    end
+
+    def error_context
+      "#{context}: " if context.present?
+    end
+
+    def with_context(context)
+      old_context = @context
+      @context = [ @context, context ].select(&:present?).join("/")
+      yield
+    ensure
+      @context = old_context
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator/accessory.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Accessory < Kamal::Configuration::Validator
+  def validate!
+    super
+
+    if (config.keys & [ "host", "hosts", "roles" ]).size != 1
+      error "specify one of `host`, `hosts` or `roles`"
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator/builder.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Builder < Kamal::Configuration::Validator
+  def validate!
+    super
+
+    if config["cache"] && config["cache"]["type"]
+      error "Invalid cache type: #{config["cache"]["type"]}" unless [ "gha", "registry" ].include?(config["cache"]["type"])
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator/env.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Env < Kamal::Configuration::Validator
+  SPECIAL_KEYS = [ "clear", "secret", "tags" ]
+
+  def validate!
+    if known_keys.any?
+      validate_complex_env!
+    else
+      validate_simple_env!
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+    def validate_simple_env!
+      validate_hash_of!(config, String)
+    end
+
+    def validate_complex_env!
+      unknown_keys_error unknown_keys if unknown_keys.any?
+
+      with_context("clear") { validate_hash_of!(config["clear"], String) } if config.key?("clear")
+      with_context("secret") { validate_array_of!(config["secret"], String) } if config.key?("secret")
+      validate_tags! if config.key?("tags")
+    end
+
+    def known_keys
+      @known_keys ||= config.keys & SPECIAL_KEYS
+    end
+
+    def unknown_keys
+      @unknown_keys ||= config.keys - SPECIAL_KEYS
+    end
+
+    def validate_tags!
+      if context == "env"
+        with_context("tags") do
+          validate_type! config["tags"], Hash
+
+          config["tags"].each do |tag, value|
+            with_context(tag) do
+              validate_type! value, Hash
+
+              Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Env.new(
+                value,
+                example: example["tags"].values[1],
+                context: context
+              ).validate!
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        error "tags are only allowed in the root env"
+      end
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator/registry.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Registry < Kamal::Configuration::Validator
+  STRING_OR_ONE_ITEM_ARRAY_KEYS = [ "username", "password" ]
+
+  def validate!
+    validate_against_example! \
+      config.except(*STRING_OR_ONE_ITEM_ARRAY_KEYS),
+      example.except(*STRING_OR_ONE_ITEM_ARRAY_KEYS)
+
+    validate_string_or_one_item_array! "username"
+    validate_string_or_one_item_array! "password"
+  end
+
+  private
+    def validate_string_or_one_item_array!(key)
+      with_context(key) do
+        value = config[key]
+
+        error "is required" unless value.present?
+
+        unless value.is_a?(String) || (value.is_a?(Array) && value.size == 1 && value.first.is_a?(String))
+          error "should be a string or an array with one string (for secret lookup)"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator/role.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Role < Kamal::Configuration::Validator
+  def validate!
+    validate_type! config, Array, Hash
+
+    if config.is_a?(Array)
+      validate_servers! "servers", config
+    else
+      super
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator/servers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Servers < Kamal::Configuration::Validator
+  def validate!
+    validate_type! config, Array, Hash
+
+    validate_servers! config if config.is_a?(Array)
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/git.rb

@@ -16,4 +16,8 @@ module Kamal::Git
   def uncommitted_changes
     `git status --porcelain`.strip
   end
+
+  def root
+    `git rev-parse --show-toplevel`.strip
+  end
 end

lib/kamal/sshkit_with_ext.rb

@@ -103,3 +103,39 @@ class SSHKit::Backend::Netssh
 
   prepend LimitConcurrentStartsInstance
 end
+
+class SSHKit::Runner::Parallel
+  # SSHKit joins the threads in sequence and fails on the first error it encounters, which means that we wait threads
+  # before the first failure to complete but not for ones after.
+  #
+  # We'll patch it to wait for them all to complete, and to record all the threads that errored so we can see when a
+  # problem occurs on multiple hosts.
+  module CompleteAll
+    def execute
+      threads = hosts.map do |host|
+        Thread.new(host) do |h|
+          backend(h, &block).run
+        rescue ::StandardError => e
+          e2 = SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError.new e
+          raise e2, "Exception while executing #{host.user ? "as #{host.user}@" : "on host "}#{host}: #{e.message}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      exceptions = []
+      threads.each do |t|
+        begin
+          t.join
+        rescue SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError => e
+          exceptions << e
+        end
+      end
+      if exceptions.one?
+        raise exceptions.first
+      elsif exceptions.many?
+        raise exceptions.first, [ "Exceptions on #{exceptions.count} hosts:", exceptions.map(&:message) ].join("\n")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  prepend CompleteAll
+end

lib/kamal/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module Kamal
-  VERSION = "1.5.1"
+  VERSION = "1.7.2"
 end

test/cli/accessory_test.rb

@@ -76,7 +76,10 @@ class CliAccessoryTest < CliTestCase
   end
 
   test "details" do
-    assert_match "docker ps --filter label=service=app-mysql", run_command("details", "mysql")
+    run_command("details", "mysql").tap do |output|
+      assert_match "docker ps --filter label=service=app-mysql", output
+      assert_match "Accessory mysql Host: 1.1.1.3", output
+    end
   end
 
   test "details with non-existent accessory" do
@@ -85,6 +88,8 @@ class CliAccessoryTest < CliTestCase
 
   test "details with all" do
     run_command("details", "all").tap do |output|
+      assert_match "Accessory mysql Host: 1.1.1.3", output
+      assert_match "Accessory redis Host: 1.1.1.2", output
       assert_match "docker ps --filter label=service=app-mysql", output
       assert_match "docker ps --filter label=service=app-redis", output
     end
@@ -111,6 +116,20 @@ class CliAccessoryTest < CliTestCase
     assert_match "docker logs app-mysql  --tail 100 --timestamps 2>&1", run_command("logs", "mysql")
   end
 
+  test "logs with grep" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.3 'docker logs app-mysql --timestamps 2>&1 | grep \'hey\''")
+
+    assert_match "docker logs app-mysql --timestamps 2>&1 | grep 'hey'", run_command("logs", "mysql", "--grep", "hey")
+  end
+
+  test "logs with grep and grep options" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.3 'docker logs app-mysql --timestamps 2>&1 | grep \'hey\' -C 2'")
+
+    assert_match "docker logs app-mysql --timestamps 2>&1 | grep 'hey' -C 2", run_command("logs", "mysql", "--grep", "hey", "--grep-options", "-C 2")
+  end
+
   test "logs with follow" do
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
       .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.3 -p 22 'docker logs app-mysql --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1'")
@@ -118,6 +137,20 @@ class CliAccessoryTest < CliTestCase
     assert_match "docker logs app-mysql --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1", run_command("logs", "mysql", "--follow")
   end
 
+  test "logs with follow and grep" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.3 -p 22 'docker logs app-mysql --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\"'")
+
+    assert_match "docker logs app-mysql --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\"", run_command("logs", "mysql", "--follow", "--grep", "hey")
+  end
+
+  test "logs with follow, grep, and grep options" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.3 -p 22 'docker logs app-mysql --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\" -C 2'")
+
+    assert_match "docker logs app-mysql --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\" -C 2", run_command("logs", "mysql", "--follow", "--grep", "hey", "--grep-options", "-C 2")
+  end
+
   test "remove with confirmation" do
     Kamal::Cli::Accessory.any_instance.expects(:stop).with("mysql")
     Kamal::Cli::Accessory.any_instance.expects(:remove_container).with("mysql")

test/cli/app_test.rb

@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ class CliAppTest < CliTestCase
     run_command("boot", config: :with_boot_strategy)
   end
 
-  test "boot errors leave lock in place" do
+  test "boot errors don't leave lock in place" do
     Kamal::Cli::App.any_instance.expects(:using_version).raises(RuntimeError)
 
     assert_not KAMAL.holding_lock?
     assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
       stderred { run_command("boot") }
     end
-    assert KAMAL.holding_lock?
+    assert_not KAMAL.holding_lock?
   end
 
   test "boot with assets" do
@@ -92,6 +92,82 @@ class CliAppTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
+  test "boot with host tags" do
+    Object.any_instance.stubs(:sleep)
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+    .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^app-web-latest$", "--quiet", raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
+    .returns("12345678") # running version
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^app-web-latest$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format", "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'")
+      .returns("running") # health check
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:sh, "-c", "'docker ps --latest --format '\\''{{.Names}}'\\'' --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --format '\\''{{.Names}}'\\'' --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting'", "|", :head, "-1", "|", "while read line; do echo ${line#app-web-}; done", raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
+      .returns("123") # old version
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :inspect, "-f '{{ range .Mounts }}{{printf \"%s %s\\n\" .Source .Destination}}{{ end }}'", "app-web-123", "|", :awk, "'$2 == \"/tmp/kamal-cord\" {print $1}'", raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
+      .returns("") # old version
+
+    run_command("boot", config: :with_env_tags).tap do |output|
+      assert_match "docker tag dhh/app:latest dhh/app:latest", output
+      assert_match %r{docker run --detach --restart unless-stopped --name app-web-latest --hostname 1.1.1.1-[0-9a-f]{12} -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME="app-web-latest" -e KAMAL_VERSION="latest" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --env TEST="root" --env EXPERIMENT="disabled" --env SITE="site1"}, output
+      assert_match "docker container ls --all --filter name=^app-web-123$ --quiet | xargs docker stop", output
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "boot with web barrier opened" do
+    Object.any_instance.stubs(:sleep)
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_info).returns("123") # old version
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^app-web-latest$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format", "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'")
+      .returns("running").at_least_once # web health check passing
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^app-web-123$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format", "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'")
+      .returns("unhealthy").at_least_once # web health check failing
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^app-workers-latest$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format", "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'")
+      .returns("running").at_least_once # workers health check
+
+    run_command("boot", config: :with_roles, host: nil).tap do |output|
+      assert_match "Waiting for the first healthy web container before booting workers on 1.1.1.3...", output
+      assert_match "Waiting for the first healthy web container before booting workers on 1.1.1.4...", output
+      assert_match "First web container is healthy, booting workers on 1.1.1.3", output
+      assert_match "First web container is healthy, booting workers on 1.1.1.4", output
+  end
+  end
+
+  test "boot with web barrier closed" do
+    Thread.report_on_exception = false
+
+    Object.any_instance.stubs(:sleep)
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_info).returns("123") # old version
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^app-web-latest$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format", "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'")
+      .returns("unhealthy").at_least_once # web health check failing
+
+    stderred do
+      run_command("boot", config: :with_roles, host: nil, allow_execute_error: true).tap do |output|
+        assert_match "Waiting for the first healthy web container before booting workers on 1.1.1.3...", output
+        assert_match "Waiting for the first healthy web container before booting workers on 1.1.1.4...", output
+        assert_match "First web container is unhealthy, not booting workers on 1.1.1.3", output
+        assert_match "First web container is unhealthy, not booting workers on 1.1.1.4", output
+        assert_match "Running docker container ls --all --filter name=^app-web-latest$ --quiet | xargs docker stop on 1.1.1.1", output
+        assert_match "Running docker container ls --all --filter name=^app-web-latest$ --quiet | xargs docker stop on 1.1.1.2", output
+      end
+    end
+  ensure
+    Thread.report_on_exception = true
+  end
+
   test "start" do
     run_command("start").tap do |output|
       assert_match "docker start app-web-999", output
@@ -214,6 +290,10 @@ class CliAppTest < CliTestCase
       .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.1 'sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1| xargs docker logs --timestamps --tail 10 2>&1'")
 
     assert_match "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --tail 100 2>&1", run_command("logs")
+
+    assert_match "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs 2>&1 | grep 'hey'", run_command("logs", "--grep", "hey")
+
+    assert_match "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs 2>&1 | grep 'hey' -C 2", run_command("logs", "--grep", "hey", "--grep-options", "-C 2")
   end
 
   test "logs with follow" do
@@ -223,6 +303,20 @@ class CliAppTest < CliTestCase
     assert_match "sh -c '\\''docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''\\'\\'''\\''{{.ID}}'\\''\\'\\'''\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting'\\'' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1", run_command("logs", "--follow")
   end
 
+  test "logs with follow and grep" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.1 -p 22 'sh -c '\\''docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''\\'\\'''\\''{{.ID}}'\\''\\'\\'''\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting'\\'' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --timestamps --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\"'")
+
+    assert_match "sh -c '\\''docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''\\'\\'''\\''{{.ID}}'\\''\\'\\'''\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting'\\'' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --timestamps --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\"", run_command("logs", "--follow", "--grep", "hey")
+  end
+
+  test "logs with follow, grep and grep options" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.1 -p 22 'sh -c '\\''docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''\\'\\'''\\''{{.ID}}'\\''\\'\\'''\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting'\\'' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --timestamps --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\" -C 2'")
+
+    assert_match "sh -c '\\''docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''\\'\\'''\\''{{.ID}}'\\''\\'\\'''\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting'\\'' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --timestamps --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\" -C 2", run_command("logs", "--follow", "--grep", "hey", "--grep-options", "-C 2")
+  end
+
   test "version" do
     run_command("version").tap do |output|
       assert_match "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --format '\\''{{.Names}}'\\'' --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --format '\\''{{.Names}}'\\'' --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | while read line; do echo ${line#app-web-}; done", output
@@ -236,9 +330,33 @@ class CliAppTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
+  test "long hostname" do
+    stub_running
+
+    hostname = "this-hostname-is-really-unacceptably-long-to-be-honest.example.com"
+
+    stdouted { Kamal::Cli::App.start([ "boot", "-c", "test/fixtures/deploy_with_uncommon_hostnames.yml", "--hosts", hostname ]) }.tap do |output|
+      assert_match /docker run --detach --restart unless-stopped --name app-web-latest --hostname this-hostname-is-really-unacceptably-long-to-be-hon-[0-9a-f]{12} /, output
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "hostname is trimmed if will end with a period" do
+    stub_running
+
+    hostname = "this-hostname-with-random-part-is-too-long.example.com"
+
+    stdouted { Kamal::Cli::App.start([ "boot", "-c", "test/fixtures/deploy_with_uncommon_hostnames.yml", "--hosts", hostname ]) }.tap do |output|
+      assert_match /docker run --detach --restart unless-stopped --name app-web-latest --hostname this-hostname-with-random-part-is-too-long.example-[0-9a-f]{12} /, output
+    end
+  end
+
   private
-    def run_command(*command, config: :with_accessories)
+    def run_command(*command, config: :with_accessories, host: "1.1.1.1", allow_execute_error: false)
-      stdouted { Kamal::Cli::App.start([ *command, "-c", "test/fixtures/deploy_#{config}.yml", "--hosts", "1.1.1.1" ]) }
+      stdouted do
+        Kamal::Cli::App.start([ *command, "-c", "test/fixtures/deploy_#{config}.yml", *([ "--hosts", host ] if host) ])
+      rescue SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError => e
+        raise e unless allow_execute_error
+      end
     end
 
     def stub_running

test/cli/build_test.rb

@@ -9,32 +9,142 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
   end
 
   test "push" do
+    with_build_directory do |build_directory|
+      Kamal::Commands::Hook.any_instance.stubs(:hook_exists?).returns(true)
+      hook_variables = { version: 999, service_version: "app@999", hosts: "1.1.1.1,1.1.1.2,1.1.1.3,1.1.1.4", command: "build", subcommand: "push" }
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :"rev-parse", :HEAD)
+        .returns(Kamal::Git.revision)
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
+        .returns("")
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
+        .returns("")
+
+      run_command("push", "--verbose").tap do |output|
+        assert_hook_ran "pre-build", output, **hook_variables
+        assert_match /Cloning repo into build directory/, output
+        assert_match /git -C #{Dir.tmpdir}\/kamal-clones\/app-#{pwd_sha} clone #{Dir.pwd}/, output
+        assert_match /docker --version && docker buildx version/, output
+        assert_match /docker buildx build --push --platform linux\/amd64,linux\/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh\/app:999 -t dhh\/app:latest --label service="app" --file Dockerfile \. as .*@localhost/, output
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "push resetting clone" do
+    with_build_directory do |build_directory|
+      stub_setup
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "--version", "&&", :docker, :buildx, "version")
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
+        .with(:git, "-C", "#{Dir.tmpdir}/kamal-clones/app-#{pwd_sha}", :clone, Dir.pwd)
+        .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("fatal: destination path 'kamal' already exists and is not an empty directory"))
+        .then
+        .returns(true)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :remote, "set-url", :origin, Dir.pwd)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :fetch, :origin)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :reset, "--hard", Kamal::Git.revision)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :clean, "-fdx")
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :build, "--push", "--platform", "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", "--builder", "kamal-app-multiarch", "-t", "dhh/app:999", "-t", "dhh/app:latest", "--label", "service=\"app\"", "--file", "Dockerfile", ".")
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :"rev-parse", :HEAD)
+        .returns(Kamal::Git.revision)
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
+        .returns("")
+
+      run_command("push", "--verbose").tap do |output|
+        assert_match /Cloning repo into build directory/, output
+        assert_match /Resetting local clone/, output
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "push without clone" do
     Kamal::Commands::Hook.any_instance.stubs(:hook_exists?).returns(true)
     hook_variables = { version: 999, service_version: "app@999", hosts: "1.1.1.1,1.1.1.2,1.1.1.3,1.1.1.4", command: "build", subcommand: "push" }
 
-    run_command("push", "--verbose").tap do |output|
+    run_command("push", "--verbose", fixture: :without_clone).tap do |output|
+      assert_no_match /Cloning repo into build directory/, output
       assert_hook_ran "pre-build", output, **hook_variables
       assert_match /docker --version && docker buildx version/, output
-      assert_match /git archive -tar HEAD | docker buildx build --push --platform linux\/amd64,linux\/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh\/app:999 -t dhh\/app:latest --label service="app" --file Dockerfile - as .*@localhost/, output
+      assert_match /docker buildx build --push --platform linux\/amd64,linux\/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh\/app:999 -t dhh\/app:latest --label service="app" --file Dockerfile . as .*@localhost/, output
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "push with corrupt clone" do
+    with_build_directory do |build_directory|
+      stub_setup
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "--version", "&&", :docker, :buildx, "version")
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
+        .with(:git, "-C", "#{Dir.tmpdir}/kamal-clones/app-#{pwd_sha}", :clone, Dir.pwd)
+        .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("fatal: destination path 'kamal' already exists and is not an empty directory"))
+        .then
+        .returns(true)
+        .twice
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :remote, "set-url", :origin, Dir.pwd)
+        .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("fatal: not a git repository"))
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :"rev-parse", :HEAD)
+        .returns(Kamal::Git.revision)
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
+        .returns("")
+
+      Dir.stubs(:chdir)
+
+      run_command("push", "--verbose") do |output|
+        assert_match /Cloning repo into build directory `#{build_directory}`\.\.\..*Cloning repo into build directory `#{build_directory}`\.\.\./, output
+        assert_match "Resetting local clone as `#{build_directory}` already exists...", output
+        assert_match "Error preparing clone: Failed to clone repo: fatal: not a git repository, deleting and retrying...", output
+      end
     end
   end
 
   test "push without builder" do
-    stub_setup
+    with_build_directory do |build_directory|
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
+      stub_setup
-      .with(:docker, "--version", "&&", :docker, :buildx, "version")
 
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-      .with(:docker, :buildx, :create, "--use", "--name", "kamal-app-multiarch")
+        .with(:docker, "--version", "&&", :docker, :buildx, "version")
 
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-      .with { |*args| p args[0..6]; args[0..6] == [ :git, :archive, "--format=tar", :HEAD, "|", :docker, :buildx ] }
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :create, "--use", "--name", "kamal-app-multiarch")
-      .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("no builder"))
-      .then
-      .returns(true)
 
-    run_command("push").tap do |output|
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
-      assert_match /Missing compatible builder, so creating a new one first/, output
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
+        .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("no builder"))
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with { |*args| args.first.start_with?("git") }
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :"rev-parse", :HEAD)
+        .returns(Kamal::Git.revision)
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+        .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
+        .returns("")
+
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :build, "--push", "--platform", "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", "--builder", "kamal-app-multiarch", "-t", "dhh/app:999", "-t", "dhh/app:latest", "--label", "service=\"app\"", "--file", "Dockerfile", ".")
+
+      run_command("push").tap do |output|
+        assert_match /WARN Missing compatible builder, so creating a new one first/, output
+      end
     end
   end
 
@@ -79,6 +189,14 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
+  test "create remote with custom ports" do
+    run_command("create", fixture: :with_remote_builder_and_custom_ports).tap do |output|
+      assert_match "Running /usr/bin/env true on 1.1.1.5", output
+      assert_match "docker context create kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --description 'kamal-app-native-remote amd64 native host' --docker 'host=ssh://app@1.1.1.5:2122'", output
+      assert_match "docker buildx create --name kamal-app-native-remote kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --platform linux/amd64", output
+    end
+  end
+
   test "create with error" do
     stub_setup
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
@@ -118,4 +236,17 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
         .with { |*args| args[0..1] == [ :docker, :buildx ] }
     end
+
+    def with_build_directory
+      build_directory = File.join Dir.tmpdir, "kamal-clones", "app-#{pwd_sha}", "kamal"
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p build_directory
+      FileUtils.touch File.join build_directory, "Dockerfile"
+      yield build_directory + "/"
+    ensure
+      FileUtils.rm_rf build_directory
+    end
+
+    def pwd_sha
+      Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(Dir.pwd)[0..12]
+    end
 end

test/cli/cli_test_case.rb

@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ class CliTestCase < ActiveSupport::TestCase
         .with { |arg1, arg2| arg1 == :mkdir && arg2 == ".kamal/locks/app" }
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
         .with { |arg1, arg2| arg1 == :rm && arg2 == ".kamal/locks/app/details" }
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_info)
+        .with { |*args| args[0..2] == [ :docker, :buildx, :inspect ] }
+        .returns("")
     end
 
     def assert_hook_ran(hook, output, version:, service_version:, hosts:, command:, subcommand: nil, runtime: false)

test/cli/healthcheck_test.rb

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-require_relative "cli_test_case"
-
-class CliHealthcheckTest < CliTestCase
-  test "perform" do
-    # Prevent expected failures from outputting to terminal
-    Thread.report_on_exception = false
-
-    Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Poller.stubs(:sleep) # No sleeping when retrying
-    Kamal::Configuration.any_instance.stubs(:run_id).returns("12345678901234567890123456789012")
-
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :stop, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
-      .with(:docker, :run, "--detach", "--name", "healthcheck-app-999", "--publish", "3999:3000", "--label", "service=healthcheck-app", "-e", "KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"healthcheck-app\"", "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-web.env", "--health-cmd", "\"curl -f http://localhost:3000/up || exit 1\"", "--health-interval", "\"1s\"", "dhh/app:999")
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :container, :rm, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
-
-    # Fail twice to test retry logic
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_info)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format", "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'")
-      .returns("starting")
-      .then
-      .returns("unhealthy")
-      .then
-      .returns("healthy")
-
-    run_command("perform").tap do |output|
-      assert_match "container not ready (starting), retrying in 1s (attempt 1/7)...", output
-      assert_match "container not ready (unhealthy), retrying in 2s (attempt 2/7)...", output
-      assert_match "Container is healthy!", output
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "perform failing to become healthy" do
-    # Prevent expected failures from outputting to terminal
-    Thread.report_on_exception = false
-
-    Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck::Poller.stubs(:sleep) # No sleeping when retrying
-
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :stop, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
-      .with(:docker, :run, "--detach", "--name", "healthcheck-app-999", "--publish", "3999:3000", "--label", "service=healthcheck-app", "-e", "KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"healthcheck-app\"", "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-web.env", "--health-cmd", "\"curl -f http://localhost:3000/up || exit 1\"", "--health-interval", "\"1s\"", "dhh/app:999")
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :container, :rm, raise_on_non_zero_exit: false)
-
-    # Continually report unhealthy
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_info)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format", "'{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'")
-      .returns("unhealthy")
-
-    # Capture logs when failing
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_info)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :logs, "--tail", 50, "2>&1")
-      .returns("some log output")
-
-    # Capture container health log when failing
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_pretty_json)
-      .with(:docker, :container, :ls, "--all", "--filter", "name=^healthcheck-app-999$", "--quiet", "|", :xargs, :docker, :inspect, "--format",  "'{{json .State.Health}}'")
-      .returns('{"Status":"unhealthy","Log":[{"ExitCode": 1,"Output": "/bin/sh: 1: curl: not found\n"}]}"')
-
-    exception = assert_raises do
-      run_command("perform")
-    end
-    assert_match "container not ready (unhealthy)", exception.message
-  end
-
-  test "raises an exception if primary does not have traefik" do
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).never
-
-    exception = assert_raises do
-      run_command("perform", config_file: "test/fixtures/deploy_workers_only.yml")
-    end
-
-    assert_equal "The primary host is not configured to run Traefik", exception.message
-  end
-
-  private
-    def run_command(*command, config_file: "test/fixtures/deploy_with_accessories.yml")
-      stdouted { Kamal::Cli::Healthcheck.start([ *command, "-c", config_file ]) }
-    end
-end

test/cli/main_test.rb

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false }
 
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:server:bootstrap", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:main:envify", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:env:push", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:accessory:boot", [ "all" ], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:deploy)
 
     run_command("setup").tap do |output|
       assert_match /Ensure Docker is installed.../, output
-      assert_match /Push env files.../, output
+      assert_match /Evaluate and push env files.../, output
     end
   end
 
@@ -20,25 +21,24 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
 
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:server:bootstrap", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:env:push", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:main:envify", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:accessory:boot", [ "all" ], invoke_options)
     # deploy
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:pull", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:traefik:boot", [], invoke_options)
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:boot", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:prune:all", [], invoke_options)
 
     run_command("setup", "--skip_push").tap do |output|
       assert_match /Ensure Docker is installed.../, output
-      assert_match /Push env files.../, output
+      assert_match /Evaluate and push env files.../, output
       # deploy
       assert_match /Acquiring the deploy lock/, output
       assert_match /Log into image registry/, output
       assert_match /Pull app image/, output
       assert_match /Ensure Traefik is running/, output
-      assert_match /Ensure app can pass healthcheck/, output
       assert_match /Detect stale containers/, output
       assert_match /Prune old containers and images/, output
       assert_match /Releasing the deploy lock/, output
@@ -48,10 +48,9 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
   test "deploy" do
     invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false, "verbose" => true }
 
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: false))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:traefik:boot", [], invoke_options)
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:boot", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:prune:all", [], invoke_options)
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
       assert_match /Build and push app image/, output
       assert_hook_ran "pre-deploy", output, **hook_variables
       assert_match /Ensure Traefik is running/, output
-      assert_match /Ensure app can pass healthcheck/, output
       assert_match /Detect stale containers/, output
       assert_match /Prune old containers and images/, output
       assert_hook_ran "post-deploy", output, **hook_variables, runtime: true
@@ -75,10 +73,9 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
   test "deploy with skip_push" do
     invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false }
 
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:pull", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:traefik:boot", [], invoke_options)
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:boot", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:prune:all", [], invoke_options)
@@ -88,7 +85,6 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
       assert_match /Log into image registry/, output
       assert_match /Pull app image/, output
       assert_match /Ensure Traefik is running/, output
-      assert_match /Ensure app can pass healthcheck/, output
       assert_match /Detect stale containers/, output
       assert_match /Prune old containers and images/, output
       assert_match /Releasing the deploy lock/, output
@@ -98,6 +94,9 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
   test "deploy when locked" do
     Thread.report_on_exception = false
 
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
+    Dir.stubs(:chdir)
+
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
       .with { |*args| args == [ :mkdir, "-p", ".kamal" ] }
 
@@ -111,6 +110,18 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_debug)
       .with(:stat, ".kamal/locks/app", ">", "/dev/null", "&&", :cat, ".kamal/locks/app/details", "|", :base64, "-d")
 
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:git, "-C", anything, :"rev-parse", :HEAD)
+      .returns(Kamal::Git.revision)
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
+      .returns("")
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
+      .returns("")
+
     assert_raises(Kamal::Cli::LockError) do
       run_command("deploy")
     end
@@ -119,6 +130,9 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
   test "deploy error when locking" do
     Thread.report_on_exception = false
 
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
+    Dir.stubs(:chdir)
+
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
       .with { |*args| args == [ :mkdir, "-p", ".kamal" ] }
 
@@ -129,16 +143,28 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
       .with { |*arg| arg[0..1] == [ :mkdir, ".kamal/locks/app" ] }
       .raises(SocketError, "getaddrinfo: nodename nor servname provided, or not known")
 
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:git, "-C", anything, :"rev-parse", :HEAD)
+      .returns(Kamal::Git.revision)
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
+      .returns("")
+
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
+      .returns("")
+
     assert_raises(SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError) do
       run_command("deploy")
     end
   end
 
   test "deploy errors during outside section leave remove lock" do
-    invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false }
+    invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false, :skip_local => false }
 
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke)
-      .with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options)
+      .with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: false))
       .raises(RuntimeError)
 
     assert_not KAMAL.holding_lock?
@@ -151,10 +177,9 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
   test "deploy with skipped hooks" do
     invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => true }
 
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: false))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:traefik:boot", [], invoke_options)
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:boot", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:prune:all", [], invoke_options)
@@ -169,7 +194,7 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
 
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options).never
 
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: false))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:traefik:boot", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
@@ -182,10 +207,9 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
   test "deploy with missing secrets" do
     invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_with_secrets.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false }
 
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options)
+    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:registry:login", [], invoke_options.merge(skip_local: false))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:traefik:boot", [], invoke_options)
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:boot", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:prune:all", [], invoke_options)
@@ -197,7 +221,6 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false, "verbose" => true }
 
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:deliver", [], invoke_options)
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:boot", [], invoke_options)
 
@@ -210,7 +233,6 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
       assert_match /Build and push app image/, output
       assert_hook_ran "pre-deploy", output, **hook_variables
       assert_match /Running the pre-deploy hook.../, output
-      assert_match /Ensure app can pass healthcheck/, output
       assert_hook_ran "post-deploy", output, **hook_variables, runtime: true
     end
   end
@@ -219,13 +241,11 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     invoke_options = { "config_file" => "test/fixtures/deploy_simple.yml", "version" => "999", "skip_hooks" => false }
 
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:build:pull", [], invoke_options)
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:healthcheck:perform", [], invoke_options)
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:stale_containers", [], invoke_options.merge(stop: true))
     Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:boot", [], invoke_options)
 
     run_command("redeploy", "--skip_push").tap do |output|
       assert_match /Pull app image/, output
-      assert_match /Ensure app can pass healthcheck/, output
     end
   end
 
@@ -362,19 +382,6 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
-  test "config with aliases" do
-    run_command("config", config_file: "deploy_with_aliases").tap do |output|
-      config = YAML.load(output)
-
-      assert_equal [ "web", "web_tokyo", "workers", "workers_tokyo" ], config[:roles]
-      assert_equal [ "1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.3", "1.1.1.4" ], config[:hosts]
-      assert_equal "999", config[:version]
-      assert_equal "registry.digitalocean.com/dhh/app", config[:repository]
-      assert_equal "registry.digitalocean.com/dhh/app:999", config[:absolute_image]
-      assert_equal "app-999", config[:service_with_version]
-    end
-  end
-
   test "init" do
     Pathname.any_instance.expects(:exist?).returns(false).times(3)
     Pathname.any_instance.stubs(:mkpath)
@@ -427,10 +434,10 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
   end
 
   test "envify" do
-    File.expects(:read).with(".env.erb").returns("HELLO=<%= 'world' %>")
+    with_test_dot_env_erb(contents: "HELLO=<%= 'world' %>") do
-    File.expects(:write).with(".env", "HELLO=world", perm: 0600)
+      run_command("envify")
-
+      assert_equal("HELLO=world", File.read(".env"))
-    run_command("envify")
+    end
   end
 
   test "envify with blank line trimming" do
@@ -441,20 +448,21 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
       <% end  -%>
     EOF
 
-    File.expects(:read).with(".env.erb").returns(file.strip)
+    with_test_dot_env_erb(contents: file) do
-    File.expects(:write).with(".env", "HELLO=world\nKEY=value\n", perm: 0600)
+      run_command("envify")
-
+      assert_equal("HELLO=world\nKEY=value\n", File.read(".env"))
-    run_command("envify")
+    end
   end
 
   test "envify with destination" do
-    File.expects(:read).with(".env.world.erb").returns("HELLO=<%= 'world' %>")
+    with_test_dot_env_erb(contents: "HELLO=<%= 'world' %>", file: ".env.world.erb") do
-    File.expects(:write).with(".env.world", "HELLO=world", perm: 0600)
+      run_command("envify", "-d", "world", config_file: "deploy_for_dest")
-
+      assert_equal "HELLO=world", File.read(".env.world")
-    run_command("envify", "-d", "world", config_file: "deploy_for_dest")
+    end
   end
 
   test "envify with skip_push" do
+    Pathname.any_instance.expects(:exist?).returns(true).times(1)
     File.expects(:read).with(".env.erb").returns("HELLO=<%= 'world' %>")
     File.expects(:write).with(".env", "HELLO=world", perm: 0600)
 
@@ -486,6 +494,24 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
+  test "docs" do
+    run_command("docs").tap do |output|
+      assert_match "# Kamal Configuration", output
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "docs subsection" do
+    run_command("docs", "accessory").tap do |output|
+      assert_match "# Accessories", output
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "docs unknown" do
+    run_command("docs", "foo").tap do |output|
+      assert_match "No documentation found for foo", output
+    end
+  end
+
   test "version" do
     version = stdouted { Kamal::Cli::Main.new.version }
     assert_equal Kamal::VERSION, version
@@ -495,4 +521,17 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     def run_command(*command, config_file: "deploy_simple")
       stdouted { Kamal::Cli::Main.start([ *command, "-c", "test/fixtures/#{config_file}.yml" ]) }
     end
+
+    def with_test_dot_env_erb(contents:, file: ".env.erb")
+      Dir.mktmpdir do |dir|
+        fixtures_dup = File.join(dir, "test")
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(fixtures_dup)
+        FileUtils.cp_r("test/fixtures/", fixtures_dup)
+
+        Dir.chdir(dir) do
+          File.write(file, contents)
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+    end
 end

test/cli/registry_test.rb

@@ -8,12 +8,41 @@ class CliRegistryTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
+  test "login skip local" do
+    run_command("login", "-L").tap do |output|
+      assert_no_match /docker login -u \[REDACTED\] -p \[REDACTED\] as .*@localhost/, output
+      assert_match /docker login -u \[REDACTED\] -p \[REDACTED\] on 1.1.1.\d/, output
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "login skip remote" do
+    run_command("login", "-R").tap do |output|
+      assert_match /docker login -u \[REDACTED\] -p \[REDACTED\] as .*@localhost/, output
+      assert_no_match /docker login -u \[REDACTED\] -p \[REDACTED\] on 1.1.1.\d/, output
+    end
+  end
+
   test "logout" do
     run_command("logout").tap do |output|
+      assert_match /docker logout as .*@localhost/, output
       assert_match /docker logout on 1.1.1.\d/, output
     end
   end
 
+  test "logout skip local" do
+    run_command("logout", "-L").tap do |output|
+      assert_no_match /docker logout as .*@localhost/, output
+      assert_match /docker logout on 1.1.1.\d/, output
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "logout skip remote" do
+    run_command("logout", "-R").tap do |output|
+      assert_match /docker logout as .*@localhost/, output
+      assert_no_match /docker logout on 1.1.1.\d/, output
+    end
+  end
+
   private
     def run_command(*command)
       stdouted { Kamal::Cli::Registry.start([ *command, "-c", "test/fixtures/deploy_with_accessories.yml" ]) }

test/cli/server_test.rb

@@ -1,14 +1,30 @@
 require_relative "cli_test_case"
 
 class CliServerTest < CliTestCase
+  test "running a command with exec" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture)
+    .with("date", verbosity: 1)
+    .returns("Today")
+
+    hosts = "1.1.1.1".."1.1.1.4"
+    run_command("exec", "date").tap do |output|
+      hosts.map do |host|
+        assert_match "Running 'date' on #{hosts.to_a.join(', ')}...", output
+        assert_match "App Host: #{host}\nToday", output
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   test "bootstrap already installed" do
+    stub_setup
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "-v", raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).returns(true).at_least_once
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:mkdir, "-p", ".kamal").returns("").at_least_once
 
-    assert_equal "", run_command("bootstrap")
+    assert_equal "Acquiring the deploy lock...\nReleasing the deploy lock...", run_command("bootstrap")
   end
 
   test "bootstrap install as non-root user" do
+    stub_setup
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "-v", raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).returns(false).at_least_once
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with('[ "${EUID:-$(id -u)}" -eq 0 ] || command -v sudo >/dev/null || command -v su >/dev/null', raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).returns(false).at_least_once
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:mkdir, "-p", ".kamal").returns("").at_least_once
@@ -19,11 +35,13 @@ class CliServerTest < CliTestCase
   end
 
   test "bootstrap install as root user" do
+    stub_setup
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "-v", raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).returns(false).at_least_once
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with('[ "${EUID:-$(id -u)}" -eq 0 ] || command -v sudo >/dev/null || command -v su >/dev/null', raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).returns(true).at_least_once
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:sh, "-c", "'curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com || wget -O - https://get.docker.com || echo \"exit 1\"'", "|", :sh).at_least_once
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:mkdir, "-p", ".kamal").returns("").at_least_once
     Kamal::Commands::Hook.any_instance.stubs(:hook_exists?).returns(true)
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(".kamal/hooks/pre-connect", anything).at_least_once
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(".kamal/hooks/docker-setup", anything).at_least_once
 
     run_command("bootstrap").tap do |output|

test/cli/traefik_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ class CliTraefikTest < CliTestCase
   test "boot" do
     run_command("boot").tap do |output|
       assert_match "docker login", output
-      assert_match "docker run --name traefik --detach --restart unless-stopped --publish 80:80 --volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --env-file .kamal/env/traefik/traefik.env --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints=\"http\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.service=\"unavailable\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority=\"1\" --label traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port=\"0\" #{Kamal::Commands::Traefik::DEFAULT_IMAGE} --providers.docker --log.level=\"DEBUG\"", output
+      assert_match "docker run --name traefik --detach --restart unless-stopped --publish 80:80 --volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --env-file .kamal/env/traefik/traefik.env --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints=\"http\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.service=\"unavailable\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority=\"1\" --label traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port=\"0\" #{Kamal::Configuration::Traefik::DEFAULT_IMAGE} --providers.docker --log.level=\"DEBUG\"", output
     end
   end
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class CliTraefikTest < CliTestCase
     run_command("reboot", "-y").tap do |output|
       assert_match "docker container stop traefik", output
       assert_match "docker container prune --force --filter label=org.opencontainers.image.title=Traefik", output
-      assert_match "docker run --name traefik --detach --restart unless-stopped --publish 80:80 --volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --env-file .kamal/env/traefik/traefik.env --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints=\"http\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.service=\"unavailable\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority=\"1\" --label traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port=\"0\" #{Kamal::Commands::Traefik::DEFAULT_IMAGE} --providers.docker --log.level=\"DEBUG\"", output
+      assert_match "docker run --name traefik --detach --restart unless-stopped --publish 80:80 --volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --env-file .kamal/env/traefik/traefik.env --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints=\"http\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.service=\"unavailable\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority=\"1\" --label traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port=\"0\" #{Kamal::Configuration::Traefik::DEFAULT_IMAGE} --providers.docker --log.level=\"DEBUG\"", output
     end
   end
 
@@ -69,6 +69,20 @@ class CliTraefikTest < CliTestCase
     assert_match "docker logs traefik --timestamps --tail 10 --follow", run_command("logs", "--follow")
   end
 
+  test "logs with follow and grep" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.1 -p 22 'docker logs traefik --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\"'")
+
+    assert_match "docker logs traefik --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\"", run_command("logs", "--follow", "--grep", "hey")
+  end
+
+  test "logs with follow, grep, and grep options" do
+    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:exec)
+      .with("ssh -t root@1.1.1.1 -p 22 'docker logs traefik --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\" -C 2'")
+
+    assert_match "docker logs traefik --timestamps --tail 10 --follow 2>&1 | grep \"hey\" -C 2", run_command("logs", "--follow", "--grep", "hey", "--grep-options", "-C 2")
+  end
+
   test "remove" do
     Kamal::Cli::Traefik.any_instance.expects(:stop)
     Kamal::Cli::Traefik.any_instance.expects(:remove_container)

test/commander_test.rb

@@ -99,6 +99,11 @@ class CommanderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal [ "workers" ], @kamal.roles_on("1.1.1.3").map(&:name)
   end
 
+  test "roles_on web comes first" do
+    configure_with(:deploy_with_two_roles_one_host)
+    assert_equal [ "web", "workers" ], @kamal.roles_on("1.1.1.1").map(&:name)
+  end
+
   test "default group strategy" do
     assert_empty @kamal.boot_strategy
   end
@@ -131,6 +136,20 @@ class CommanderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal [ "1.1.1.3", "1.1.1.4", "1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2" ], @kamal.hosts
   end
 
+  test "traefik hosts should observe filtered roles" do
+    configure_with(:deploy_with_multiple_traefik_roles)
+
+    @kamal.specific_roles = [ "web_tokyo" ]
+    assert_equal [ "1.1.1.3", "1.1.1.4" ], @kamal.traefik_hosts
+  end
+
+  test "traefik hosts should observe filtered hosts" do
+    configure_with(:deploy_with_multiple_traefik_roles)
+
+    @kamal.specific_hosts = [ "1.1.1.2" ]
+    assert_equal [ "1.1.1.2" ], @kamal.traefik_hosts
+  end
+
   private
     def configure_with(variant)
       @kamal = Kamal::Commander.new.tap do |kamal|

test/commands/accessory_test.rb

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class CommandsAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
           "host" => "1.1.1.6",
           "port" => "6379:6379",
           "labels" => {
-            "cache" => true
+            "cache" => "true"
           },
           "env" => {
             "SOMETHING" => "else"
@@ -125,6 +125,10 @@ class CommandsAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal \
       "docker logs app-mysql  --since 5m  --tail 100 --timestamps 2>&1 | grep 'thing'",
       new_command(:mysql).logs(since: "5m", lines: 100, grep: "thing").join(" ")
+
+    assert_equal \
+      "docker logs app-mysql  --since 5m  --tail 100 --timestamps 2>&1 | grep 'thing' -C 2",
+      new_command(:mysql).logs(since: "5m", lines: 100, grep: "thing", grep_options: "-C 2").join(" ")
   end
 
   test "follow logs" do

test/commands/app_test.rb

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class CommandsAppTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     @config[:servers] = { "web" => [ "1.1.1.1" ], "jobs" => { "hosts" => [ "1.1.1.2" ], "cmd" => "bin/jobs", "options" => { "mount" => "somewhere", "cap-add" => true } } }
     assert_equal \
       "docker run --detach --restart unless-stopped --name app-jobs-999 -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"app-jobs-999\" -e KAMAL_VERSION=\"999\" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-jobs.env --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label service=\"app\" --label role=\"jobs\" --label destination --mount \"somewhere\" --cap-add dhh/app:999 bin/jobs",
-      new_command(role: "jobs").run.join(" ")
+      new_command(role: "jobs", host: "1.1.1.2").run.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "run with logging config" do
@@ -80,6 +80,15 @@ class CommandsAppTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       new_command.run.join(" ")
   end
 
+  test "run with tags" do
+    @config[:servers] = [ { "1.1.1.1" => "tag1" } ]
+    @config[:env]["tags"] = { "tag1" => { "ENV1" => "value1" } }
+
+    assert_equal \
+      "docker run --detach --restart unless-stopped --name app-web-999 -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"app-web-999\" -e KAMAL_VERSION=\"999\" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --env ENV1=\"value1\" --health-cmd \"(curl -f http://localhost:3000/up || exit 1) && (stat /tmp/kamal-cord/cord > /dev/null || exit 1)\" --health-interval \"1s\" --volume $(pwd)/.kamal/cords/app-web-12345678901234567890123456789012:/tmp/kamal-cord --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label service=\"app\" --label role=\"web\" --label destination --label traefik.http.services.app-web.loadbalancer.server.scheme=\"http\" --label traefik.http.routers.app-web.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\" --label traefik.http.routers.app-web.priority=\"2\" --label traefik.http.middlewares.app-web-retry.retry.attempts=\"5\" --label traefik.http.middlewares.app-web-retry.retry.initialinterval=\"500ms\" --label traefik.http.routers.app-web.middlewares=\"app-web-retry@docker\" dhh/app:999",
+      new_command.run.join(" ")
+  end
+
   test "start" do
     assert_equal \
       "docker start app-web-999",
@@ -130,23 +139,45 @@ class CommandsAppTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal \
       "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs 2>&1",
       new_command.logs.join(" ")
+  end
 
+  test "logs with since" do
     assert_equal \
       "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --since 5m 2>&1",
       new_command.logs(since: "5m").join(" ")
+  end
 
+  test "logs with lines" do
     assert_equal \
       "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --tail 100 2>&1",
       new_command.logs(lines: "100").join(" ")
+  end
 
+  test "logs with since and lines" do
     assert_equal \
       "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --since 5m --tail 100 2>&1",
       new_command.logs(since: "5m", lines: "100").join(" ")
+  end
 
+  test "logs with grep" do
     assert_equal \
       "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs 2>&1 | grep 'my-id'",
       new_command.logs(grep: "my-id").join(" ")
+  end
 
+  test "logs with grep and grep options" do
+    assert_equal \
+      "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs 2>&1 | grep 'my-id' -C 2",
+      new_command.logs(grep: "my-id", grep_options: "-C 2").join(" ")
+  end
+
+  test "logs with since, grep and grep options" do
+    assert_equal \
+      "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --since 5m 2>&1 | grep 'my-id' -C 2",
+      new_command.logs(since: "5m", grep: "my-id", grep_options: "-C 2").join(" ")
+  end
+
+  test "logs with since and grep" do
     assert_equal \
       "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --quiet --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | xargs docker logs --since 5m 2>&1 | grep 'my-id'",
       new_command.logs(since: "5m", grep: "my-id").join(" ")
@@ -183,6 +214,15 @@ class CommandsAppTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       new_command.execute_in_new_container("bin/rails", "db:setup", env: { "foo" => "bar" }).join(" ")
   end
 
+  test "execute in new container with tags" do
+    @config[:servers] = [ { "1.1.1.1" => "tag1" } ]
+    @config[:env]["tags"] = { "tag1" => { "ENV1" => "value1" } }
+
+    assert_equal \
+      "docker run --rm --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --env ENV1=\"value1\" dhh/app:999 bin/rails db:setup",
+      new_command.execute_in_new_container("bin/rails", "db:setup", env: {}).join(" ")
+  end
+
   test "execute in new container with custom options" do
     @config[:servers] = { "web" => { "hosts" => [ "1.1.1.1" ], "options" => { "mount" => "somewhere", "cap-add" => true } } }
     assert_equal \
@@ -204,18 +244,26 @@ class CommandsAppTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "execute in new container over ssh" do
     assert_match %r{docker run -it --rm --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env dhh/app:999 bin/rails c},
-      new_command.execute_in_new_container_over_ssh("bin/rails", "c", host: "app-1", env: {})
+      new_command.execute_in_new_container_over_ssh("bin/rails", "c", env: {})
+  end
+
+  test "execute in new container over ssh with tags" do
+    @config[:servers] = [ { "1.1.1.1" => "tag1" } ]
+    @config[:env]["tags"] = { "tag1" => { "ENV1" => "value1" } }
+
+    assert_equal "ssh -t root@1.1.1.1 -p 22 'docker run -it --rm --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --env ENV1=\"value1\" dhh/app:999 bin/rails c'",
+      new_command.execute_in_new_container_over_ssh("bin/rails", "c", env: {})
   end
 
   test "execute in new container with custom options over ssh" do
     @config[:servers] = { "web" => { "hosts" => [ "1.1.1.1" ], "options" => { "mount" => "somewhere", "cap-add" => true } } }
     assert_match %r{docker run -it --rm --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --mount \"somewhere\" --cap-add dhh/app:999 bin/rails c},
-      new_command.execute_in_new_container_over_ssh("bin/rails", "c", host: "app-1", env: {})
+      new_command.execute_in_new_container_over_ssh("bin/rails", "c", env: {})
   end
 
   test "execute in existing container over ssh" do
     assert_match %r{docker exec -it app-web-999 bin/rails c},
-      new_command.execute_in_existing_container_over_ssh("bin/rails", "c", host: "app-1", env: {})
+      new_command.execute_in_existing_container_over_ssh("bin/rails", "c", env: {})
   end
 
   test "run over ssh" do
@@ -418,8 +466,8 @@ class CommandsAppTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   private
-    def new_command(role: "web", **additional_config)
+    def new_command(role: "web", host: "1.1.1.1", **additional_config)
       config = Kamal::Configuration.new(@config.merge(additional_config), destination: @destination, version: "999")
-      Kamal::Commands::App.new(config, role: config.role(role))
+      Kamal::Commands::App.new(config, role: config.role(role), host: host)
     end
 end

test/commands/builder_test.rb

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
     assert_equal "multiarch", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile -",
+      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false })
     assert_equal "native", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile - && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
+      "docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile . && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
     assert_equal "native/cached", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker buildx build --push -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile -",
+      "docker buildx build --push -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "local" => {}, "remote" => {}, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
     assert_equal "multiarch/remote", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch-remote -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile -",
+      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch-remote -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "local" => { "arch" => "amd64" } })
     assert_equal "multiarch", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile -",
+      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64" }, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
     assert_equal "native/remote", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-app-native-remote -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile -",
+      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-app-native-remote -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -83,6 +83,13 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     end
   end
 
+  test "build target" do
+    builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "target" => "prod" })
+    assert_equal \
+      "-t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile --target prod",
+      builder.target.build_options.join(" ")
+  end
+
   test "build context" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "context" => ".." })
     assert_equal \
@@ -93,21 +100,21 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   test "native push with build args" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "args" => { "a" => 1, "b" => 2 } })
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile - && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
+      "docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile . && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "multiarch push with build args" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "args" => { "a" => 1, "b" => 2 } })
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile -",
+      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "native push with build secrets" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "secrets" => [ "a", "b" ] })
     assert_equal \
-      "git archive --format=tar HEAD | docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --secret id=\"a\" --secret id=\"b\" --file Dockerfile - && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
+      "docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --secret id=\"a\" --secret id=\"b\" --file Dockerfile . && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -151,8 +158,54 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
+  test "multiarch context hosts" do
+    command = new_builder_command
+    assert_equal "docker buildx inspect kamal-app-multiarch > /dev/null", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
+    assert_equal "", command.config_context_hosts.join(" ")
+  end
+
+  test "native context hosts" do
+    command = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false })
+    assert_equal :true, command.context_hosts
+    assert_equal "", command.config_context_hosts.join(" ")
+  end
+
+  test "native cached context hosts" do
+    command = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "cache" => { "type" => "registry" } })
+    assert_equal "docker buildx inspect kamal-app-native-cached > /dev/null", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
+    assert_equal "", command.config_context_hosts.join(" ")
+  end
+
+  test "native remote context hosts" do
+    command = new_builder_command(builder: { "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://host" } })
+    assert_equal "docker context inspect kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
+    assert_equal [ "ssh://host" ], command.config_context_hosts
+  end
+
+  test "multiarch remote context hosts" do
+    command = new_builder_command(builder: {
+      "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://host" },
+      "local" => { "arch" => "arm64" }
+    })
+    assert_equal "docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-arm64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}' ; docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-amd64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
+    assert_equal [ "ssh://host" ], command.config_context_hosts
+  end
+
+  test "multiarch remote context hosts with local host" do
+    command = new_builder_command(builder: {
+      "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://host" },
+      "local" => { "arch" => "arm64", "host" => "unix:///var/run/docker.sock" }
+    })
+    assert_equal "docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-arm64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}' ; docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-amd64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
+    assert_equal [ "unix:///var/run/docker.sock", "ssh://host" ], command.config_context_hosts
+  end
+
   private
     def new_builder_command(additional_config = {})
       Kamal::Commands::Builder.new(Kamal::Configuration.new(@config.merge(additional_config), version: "123"))
     end
+
+    def build_directory
+      "#{Dir.tmpdir}/kamal-clones/app/kamal/"
+    end
 end

test/commands/healthcheck_test.rb

@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-require "test_helper"
-
-class CommandsHealthcheckTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
-  setup do
-    @config = {
-      service: "app", image: "dhh/app", registry: { "username" => "dhh", "password" => "secret" }, servers: [ "1.1.1.1" ],
-      traefik: { "args" => { "accesslog.format" => "json", "metrics.prometheus.buckets" => "0.1,0.3,1.2,5.0" } }
-    }
-  end
-
-  test "run" do
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker run --detach --name healthcheck-app-123 --publish 3999:3000 --label service=healthcheck-app -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"healthcheck-app\" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --health-cmd \"curl -f http://localhost:3000/up || exit 1\" --health-interval \"1s\" dhh/app:123",
-      new_command.run.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "run with custom port" do
-    @config[:healthcheck] = { "port" => 3001 }
-
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker run --detach --name healthcheck-app-123 --publish 3999:3001 --label service=healthcheck-app -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"healthcheck-app\" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --health-cmd \"curl -f http://localhost:3001/up || exit 1\" --health-interval \"1s\" dhh/app:123",
-      new_command.run.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "run with destination" do
-    @destination = "staging"
-
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker run --detach --name healthcheck-app-staging-123 --publish 3999:3000 --label service=healthcheck-app-staging -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"healthcheck-app-staging\" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web-staging.env --health-cmd \"curl -f http://localhost:3000/up || exit 1\" --health-interval \"1s\" dhh/app:123",
-      new_command.run.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "run with custom healthcheck" do
-    @config[:healthcheck] = { "cmd" => "/bin/up" }
-
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker run --detach --name healthcheck-app-123 --publish 3999:3000 --label service=healthcheck-app -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"healthcheck-app\" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --health-cmd \"/bin/up\" --health-interval \"1s\" dhh/app:123",
-      new_command.run.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "run with custom options" do
-    @config[:servers] = { "web" => { "hosts" => [ "1.1.1.1" ], "options" => { "mount" => "somewhere" } } }
-    @config[:healthcheck] = { "exposed_port" => 4999 }
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker run --detach --name healthcheck-app-123 --publish 4999:3000 --label service=healthcheck-app -e KAMAL_CONTAINER_NAME=\"healthcheck-app\" --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env --health-cmd \"curl -f http://localhost:3000/up || exit 1\" --health-interval \"1s\" --mount \"somewhere\" dhh/app:123",
-      new_command.run.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "status" do
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-123$ --quiet | xargs docker inspect --format '{{if .State.Health}}{{.State.Health.Status}}{{else}}{{.State.Status}}{{end}}'",
-      new_command.status.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "container_health_log" do
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-123$ --quiet | xargs docker inspect --format '{{json .State.Health}}'",
-      new_command.container_health_log.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "stop" do
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-123$ --quiet | xargs docker stop",
-      new_command.stop.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "stop with destination" do
-    @destination = "staging"
-
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-staging-123$ --quiet | xargs docker stop",
-      new_command.stop.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "remove" do
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-123$ --quiet | xargs docker container rm",
-      new_command.remove.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "remove with destination" do
-    @destination = "staging"
-
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-staging-123$ --quiet | xargs docker container rm",
-      new_command.remove.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "logs" do
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-123$ --quiet | xargs docker logs --tail 50 2>&1",
-      new_command.logs.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "logs with custom lines number" do
-    @config[:healthcheck] = { "log_lines" => 150 }
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-123$ --quiet | xargs docker logs --tail 150 2>&1",
-      new_command.logs.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "logs with destination" do
-    @destination = "staging"
-
-    assert_equal \
-      "docker container ls --all --filter name=^healthcheck-app-staging-123$ --quiet | xargs docker logs --tail 50 2>&1",
-      new_command.logs.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  private
-    def new_command
-      Kamal::Commands::Healthcheck.new(Kamal::Configuration.new(@config, destination: @destination, version: "123"))
-    end
-end

test/commands/traefik_test.rb

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class CommandsTraefikTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     @config.delete(:traefik)
 
     assert_equal \
-      "docker run --name traefik --detach --restart unless-stopped --publish 80:80 --volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --env-file .kamal/env/traefik/traefik.env --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints=\"http\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.service=\"unavailable\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority=\"1\" --label traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port=\"0\" #{Kamal::Commands::Traefik::DEFAULT_IMAGE} --providers.docker --log.level=\"DEBUG\"",
+      "docker run --name traefik --detach --restart unless-stopped --publish 80:80 --volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --env-file .kamal/env/traefik/traefik.env --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.entryPoints=\"http\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.service=\"unavailable\" --label traefik.http.routers.catchall.priority=\"1\" --label traefik.http.services.unavailable.loadbalancer.server.port=\"0\" #{Kamal::Configuration::Traefik::DEFAULT_IMAGE} --providers.docker --log.level=\"DEBUG\"",
       new_command.run.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -153,6 +153,12 @@ class CommandsTraefikTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       new_command.logs(grep: "hello!").join(" ")
   end
 
+  test "traefik logs with grep hello! and grep options" do
+    assert_equal \
+      "docker logs traefik --timestamps 2>&1 | grep 'hello!' -C 2",
+      new_command.logs(grep: "hello!", grep_options: "-C 2").join(" ")
+  end
+
   test "traefik remove container" do
     assert_equal \
       "docker container prune --force --filter label=org.opencontainers.image.title=Traefik",

test/configuration/accessory_test.rb

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class ConfigurationAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
           "hosts" => [ "1.1.1.6", "1.1.1.7" ],
           "port" => "6379:6379",
           "labels" => {
-            "cache" => true
+            "cache" => "true"
           },
           "env" => {
             "SOMETHING" => "else"
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class ConfigurationAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
             "/var/lib/redis:/data"
           ],
           "options" => {
-            "cpus" => 4,
+            "cpus" => "4",
             "memory" => "2GB"
           }
         },
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ class ConfigurationAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
           "roles" => [ "web" ],
           "port" => "4321:4321",
           "labels" => {
-            "cache" => true
+            "cache" => "true"
           },
           "env" => {
             "STATSD_PORT" => "8126"
           },
           "options" => {
-            "cpus" => 4,
+            "cpus" => "4",
             "memory" => "2GB"
           }
         }
@@ -89,22 +89,20 @@ class ConfigurationAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "missing host" do
     @deploy[:accessories]["mysql"]["host"] = nil
-    @config = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy)
 
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+    assert_raises(Kamal::ConfigurationError) do
-      @config.accessory(:mysql).hosts
+      Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy)
     end
   end
 
   test "setting host, hosts and roles" do
-    @deploy[:accessories]["mysql"]["hosts"] = true
+    @deploy[:accessories]["mysql"]["hosts"] = [ "mysql-db1" ]
-    @deploy[:accessories]["mysql"]["roles"] = true
+    @deploy[:accessories]["mysql"]["roles"] = [ "db" ]
-    @config = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy)
 
-    exception = assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+    exception = assert_raises(Kamal::ConfigurationError) do
-      @config.accessory(:mysql).hosts
+      Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy)
     end
-    assert_equal "Specify one of `host`, `hosts` or `roles` for accessory `mysql`", exception.message
+    assert_equal "accessories/mysql: specify one of `host`, `hosts` or `roles`", exception.message
   end
 
   test "all hosts" do

test/configuration/builder_test.rb

@@ -7,41 +7,37 @@ class ConfigurationBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       servers: [ "1.1.1.1" ]
     }
 
-    @config = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy)
-
     @deploy_with_builder_option = {
       service: "app", image: "dhh/app", registry: { "username" => "dhh", "password" => "secret" },
       servers: [ "1.1.1.1" ],
       builder: {}
     }
-
-    @config_with_builder_option = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_builder_option)
   end
 
   test "multiarch?" do
-    assert_equal true, @config.builder.multiarch?
+    assert_equal true, config.builder.multiarch?
   end
 
   test "setting multiarch to false" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "multiarch" => false }
 
-    assert_equal false, @config_with_builder_option.builder.multiarch?
+    assert_equal false, config_with_builder_option.builder.multiarch?
   end
 
   test "local?" do
-    assert_equal false, @config.builder.local?
+    assert_equal false, config.builder.local?
   end
 
   test "remote?" do
-    assert_equal false, @config.builder.remote?
+    assert_equal false, config.builder.remote?
   end
 
   test "remote_arch" do
-    assert_nil @config.builder.remote_arch
+    assert_nil config.builder.remote_arch
   end
 
   test "remote_host" do
-    assert_nil @config.builder.remote_host
+    assert_nil config.builder.remote_host
   end
 
   test "setting both local and remote configs" do
@@ -50,112 +46,121 @@ class ConfigurationBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://root@192.168.0.1" }
     }
 
-    assert_equal true, @config_with_builder_option.builder.local?
+    assert_equal true, config_with_builder_option.builder.local?
-    assert_equal true, @config_with_builder_option.builder.remote?
+    assert_equal true, config_with_builder_option.builder.remote?
 
-    assert_equal "amd64", @config_with_builder_option.builder.remote_arch
+    assert_equal "amd64", config_with_builder_option.builder.remote_arch
-    assert_equal "ssh://root@192.168.0.1", @config_with_builder_option.builder.remote_host
+    assert_equal "ssh://root@192.168.0.1", config_with_builder_option.builder.remote_host
 
-    assert_equal "arm64", @config_with_builder_option.builder.local_arch
+    assert_equal "arm64", config_with_builder_option.builder.local_arch
-    assert_equal "unix:///Users/<%= `whoami`.strip %>/.docker/run/docker.sock", @config_with_builder_option.builder.local_host
+    assert_equal "unix:///Users/<%= `whoami`.strip %>/.docker/run/docker.sock", config_with_builder_option.builder.local_host
   end
 
   test "cached?" do
-    assert_equal false, @config.builder.cached?
+    assert_equal false, config.builder.cached?
   end
 
   test "invalid cache type specified" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "cache" => { "type" => "invalid" } }
 
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+    assert_raises(Kamal::ConfigurationError) do
-      @config_with_builder_option.builder
+      config_with_builder_option.builder
     end
   end
 
   test "cache_from" do
-    assert_nil @config.builder.cache_from
+    assert_nil config.builder.cache_from
   end
 
   test "cache_to" do
-    assert_nil @config.builder.cache_to
+    assert_nil config.builder.cache_to
   end
 
   test "setting gha cache" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "cache" => { "type" => "gha", "options" => "mode=max" } }
 
-    assert_equal "type=gha", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
+    assert_equal "type=gha", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
-    assert_equal "type=gha,mode=max", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
+    assert_equal "type=gha,mode=max", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
   end
 
   test "setting registry cache" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "cache" => { "type" => "registry", "options" => "mode=max,image-manifest=true,oci-mediatypes=true" } }
 
-    assert_equal "type=registry,ref=dhh/app-build-cache", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
+    assert_equal "type=registry,ref=dhh/app-build-cache", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
-    assert_equal "type=registry,mode=max,image-manifest=true,oci-mediatypes=true,ref=dhh/app-build-cache", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
+    assert_equal "type=registry,mode=max,image-manifest=true,oci-mediatypes=true,ref=dhh/app-build-cache", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
   end
 
   test "setting registry cache when using a custom registry" do
-    @config_with_builder_option.registry["server"] = "registry.example.com"
+    @deploy_with_builder_option[:registry]["server"] = "registry.example.com"
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "cache" => { "type" => "registry", "options" => "mode=max,image-manifest=true,oci-mediatypes=true" } }
 
-    assert_equal "type=registry,ref=registry.example.com/dhh/app-build-cache", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
+    assert_equal "type=registry,ref=registry.example.com/dhh/app-build-cache", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
-    assert_equal "type=registry,mode=max,image-manifest=true,oci-mediatypes=true,ref=registry.example.com/dhh/app-build-cache", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
+    assert_equal "type=registry,mode=max,image-manifest=true,oci-mediatypes=true,ref=registry.example.com/dhh/app-build-cache", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
   end
 
   test "setting registry cache with image" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "cache" => { "type" => "registry", "image" => "kamal", "options" => "mode=max" } }
 
-    assert_equal "type=registry,ref=kamal", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
+    assert_equal "type=registry,ref=kamal", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_from
-    assert_equal "type=registry,mode=max,ref=kamal", @config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
+    assert_equal "type=registry,mode=max,ref=kamal", config_with_builder_option.builder.cache_to
   end
 
   test "args" do
-    assert_equal({}, @config.builder.args)
+    assert_equal({}, config.builder.args)
   end
 
   test "setting args" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "args" => { "key" => "value" } }
 
-    assert_equal({ "key" => "value" }, @config_with_builder_option.builder.args)
+    assert_equal({ "key" => "value" }, config_with_builder_option.builder.args)
   end
 
   test "secrets" do
-    assert_equal [], @config.builder.secrets
+    assert_equal [], config.builder.secrets
   end
 
   test "setting secrets" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "secrets" => [ "GITHUB_TOKEN" ] }
 
-    assert_equal [ "GITHUB_TOKEN" ], @config_with_builder_option.builder.secrets
+    assert_equal [ "GITHUB_TOKEN" ], config_with_builder_option.builder.secrets
   end
 
   test "dockerfile" do
-    assert_equal "Dockerfile", @config.builder.dockerfile
+    assert_equal "Dockerfile", config.builder.dockerfile
   end
 
   test "setting dockerfile" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "dockerfile" => "Dockerfile.dev" }
 
-    assert_equal "Dockerfile.dev", @config_with_builder_option.builder.dockerfile
+    assert_equal "Dockerfile.dev", config_with_builder_option.builder.dockerfile
   end
 
   test "context" do
-    assert_equal "-", @config.builder.context
+    assert_equal ".", config.builder.context
   end
 
   test "setting context" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "context" => ".." }
 
-    assert_equal "..", @config_with_builder_option.builder.context
+    assert_equal "..", config_with_builder_option.builder.context
   end
 
   test "ssh" do
-    assert_nil @config.builder.ssh
+    assert_nil config.builder.ssh
   end
 
   test "setting ssh params" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = { "ssh" => "default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK" }
 
-    assert_equal "default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK", @config_with_builder_option.builder.ssh
+    assert_equal "default=$SSH_AUTH_SOCK", config_with_builder_option.builder.ssh
   end
+
+  private
+    def config
+      Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy)
+    end
+
+    def config_with_builder_option
+      Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_builder_option)
+    end
 end

test/configuration/env/tags_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+require "test_helper"
+
+class ConfigurationEnvTagsTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  setup do
+    @deploy = {
+      service: "app", image: "dhh/app", registry: { "username" => "dhh", "password" => "secret" },
+      servers: [ { "1.1.1.1" => "odd" }, { "1.1.1.2" => "even" }, { "1.1.1.3" => [ "odd", "three" ] } ],
+      env: {
+        "clear" => { "REDIS_URL" => "redis://x/y", "THREE" => "false" },
+        "tags" => {
+          "odd" => { "TYPE" => "odd" },
+          "even" => { "TYPE" => "even" },
+          "three" => { "THREE" => "true" }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @config = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy)
+
+    @deploy_with_roles = @deploy.dup.merge({
+      servers: {
+        "web" => [ { "1.1.1.1" => "odd" }, "1.1.1.2" ],
+        "workers" => {
+          "hosts" => [ { "1.1.1.3" => [ "odd", "oddjob" ] }, "1.1.1.4" ],
+          "cmd" => "bin/jobs",
+          "env" => {
+            "REDIS_URL" => "redis://a/b",
+            "WEB_CONCURRENCY" => 4
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      env: {
+        "tags" => {
+          "odd" => { "TYPE" => "odd" },
+          "oddjob" => { "TYPE" => "oddjob" }
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    @config_with_roles = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_roles)
+  end
+
+  test "tags" do
+    assert_equal 3, @config.env_tags.size
+    assert_equal %w[ odd even three ], @config.env_tags.map(&:name)
+    assert_equal({ "TYPE" => "odd" }, @config.env_tag("odd").env.clear)
+    assert_equal({ "TYPE" => "even" }, @config.env_tag("even").env.clear)
+    assert_equal({ "THREE" => "true" }, @config.env_tag("three").env.clear)
+  end
+
+  test "tags with roles" do
+    assert_equal 2, @config_with_roles.env_tags.size
+    assert_equal %w[ odd oddjob ], @config_with_roles.env_tags.map(&:name)
+    assert_equal({ "TYPE" => "odd" }, @config_with_roles.env_tag("odd").env.clear)
+    assert_equal({ "TYPE" => "oddjob" }, @config_with_roles.env_tag("oddjob").env.clear)
+  end
+
+  test "tag overrides env" do
+    assert_equal "false", @config.role("web").env("1.1.1.1").clear["THREE"]
+    assert_equal "true", @config.role("web").env("1.1.1.3").clear["THREE"]
+  end
+
+  test "later tag wins" do
+    deploy = {
+      service: "app", image: "dhh/app", registry: { "username" => "dhh", "password" => "secret" },
+      servers: [ { "1.1.1.1" => [ "first", "second" ] } ],
+      env: {
+        "tags" => {
+          "first" => { "TYPE" => "first" },
+          "second" => { "TYPE" => "second" }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    config = Kamal::Configuration.new(deploy)
+    assert_equal "second", config.role("web").env("1.1.1.1").clear["TYPE"]
+  end
+
+  test "tag secret env" do
+    ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello"
+
+    deploy = {
+      service: "app", image: "dhh/app", registry: { "username" => "dhh", "password" => "secret" },
+      servers: [ { "1.1.1.1" => "secrets" } ],
+      env: {
+        "tags" => {
+          "secrets" => { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    config = Kamal::Configuration.new(deploy)
+    assert_equal "hello", config.role("web").env("1.1.1.1").secrets["PASSWORD"]
+  ensure
+    ENV.delete "PASSWORD"
+  end
+
+  test "tag clear env" do
+    deploy = {
+      service: "app", image: "dhh/app", registry: { "username" => "dhh", "password" => "secret" },
+      servers: [ { "1.1.1.1" => "clearly" } ],
+      env: {
+        "tags" => {
+          "clearly" => { "clear" => { "FOO" => "bar" } }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    config = Kamal::Configuration.new(deploy)
+    assert_equal "bar", config.role("web").env("1.1.1.1").clear["FOO"]
+  end
+end

test/configuration/env_test.rb

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ConfigurationEnvTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "secret" do
     ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello"
-    env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] }
+    env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.new config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] }
 
     assert_config \
       config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] },
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class ConfigurationEnvTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ]
     }
 
-    assert_raises(KeyError) { Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config(config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] }).secrets }
+    assert_raises(KeyError) { Kamal::Configuration::Env.new(config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] }).secrets }
   end
 
   test "secret and clear" do
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ConfigurationEnvTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   private
     def assert_config(config:, clear:, secrets:)
-      env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config config: config
+      env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.new config: config, secrets_file: "secrets.env"
       assert_equal clear, env.clear
       assert_equal secrets, env.secrets
     end

test/configuration/role_test.rb

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
           "cmd" => "bin/jobs",
           "env" => {
             "REDIS_URL" => "redis://a/b",
-            "WEB_CONCURRENCY" => 4
+            "WEB_CONCURRENCY" => "4"
           }
         }
       }
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   test "custom labels via role specialization" do
     @deploy_with_roles[:labels] = { "my.custom.label" => "50" }
     @deploy_with_roles[:servers]["workers"]["labels"] = { "my.custom.label" => "70" }
-    assert_equal "70", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).labels["my.custom.label"]
+    assert_equal "70", Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_roles).role(:workers).labels["my.custom.label"]
   end
 
   test "overwriting default traefik label" do
@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "default traefik label on non-web role" do
     config = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_roles.tap { |c|
-      c[:servers]["beta"] = { "traefik" => "true", "hosts" => [ "1.1.1.5" ] }
+      c[:servers]["beta"] = { "traefik" => true, "hosts" => [ "1.1.1.5" ] }
     })
 
     assert_equal [ "--label", "service=\"app\"", "--label", "role=\"beta\"", "--label", "destination", "--label", "traefik.http.services.app-beta.loadbalancer.server.scheme=\"http\"", "--label", "traefik.http.routers.app-beta.rule=\"PathPrefix(\\`/\\`)\"", "--label", "traefik.http.routers.app-beta.priority=\"2\"", "--label", "traefik.http.middlewares.app-beta-retry.retry.attempts=\"5\"", "--label", "traefik.http.middlewares.app-beta-retry.retry.initialinterval=\"500ms\"", "--label", "traefik.http.routers.app-beta.middlewares=\"app-beta-retry@docker\"" ], config.role(:beta).label_args
   end
 
   test "env overwritten by role" do
-    assert_equal "redis://a/b", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.clear["REDIS_URL"]
+    assert_equal "redis://a/b", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env("1.1.1.3").clear["REDIS_URL"]
 
-    assert_equal "\n", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal "\n", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env("1.1.1.3").secrets_io.string
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args("1.1.1.3")
   end
 
   test "container name" do
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test "env args" do
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args("1.1.1.3")
   end
 
   test "env secret overwritten by role" do
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     @deploy_with_roles[:servers]["workers"]["env"] = {
       "clear" => {
         "REDIS_URL" => "redis://a/b",
-        "WEB_CONCURRENCY" => 4
+        "WEB_CONCURRENCY" => "4"
       },
       "secret" => [
         "DB_PASSWORD"
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       DB_PASSWORD=secret&\"123
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_roles).role(:workers).env("1.1.1.3").secrets_io.string
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args("1.1.1.3")
   ensure
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = nil
     ENV["DB_PASSWORD"] = nil
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     @deploy_with_roles[:servers]["workers"]["env"] = {
       "clear" => {
         "REDIS_URL" => "redis://a/b",
-        "WEB_CONCURRENCY" => 4
+        "WEB_CONCURRENCY" => "4"
       },
       "secret" => [
         "DB_PASSWORD"
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       DB_PASSWORD=secret123
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_roles).role(:workers).env("1.1.1.3").secrets_io.string
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args("1.1.1.3")
   ensure
     ENV["DB_PASSWORD"] = nil
   end
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       REDIS_PASSWORD=secret456
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_roles).role(:workers).env("1.1.1.3").secrets_io.string
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args("1.1.1.3")
   ensure
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = nil
   end
@@ -191,14 +191,15 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       REDIS_PASSWORD=secret456
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    config = Kamal::Configuration.new(@deploy_with_roles)
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://c/d\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, config.role(:workers).env("1.1.1.3").secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://c/d\"" ], config.role(:workers).env_args("1.1.1.3")
   ensure
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = nil
   end
 
   test "env secrets_file" do
-    assert_equal ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_file
+    assert_equal ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env("1.1.1.3").secrets_file
   end
 
   test "uses cord" do