Allow the driver to be set

Remote and local are only allowed when multiarch is enabled.
Remote requires a host and arch, local only requires an arch.

Gemfile.lock

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 PATH
   remote: .
   specs:
-    kamal (2.0.0.alpha)
+    kamal (1.8.1)
       activesupport (>= 7.0)
       base64 (~> 0.2)
       bcrypt_pbkdf (~> 1.0)
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ PATH
       ed25519 (~> 1.2)
       net-ssh (~> 7.0)
       sshkit (>= 1.23.0, < 2.0)
-      thor (~> 1.3)
+      thor (~> 1.2)
       zeitwerk (~> 2.5)
 
 GEM

bin/docs

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ end
 
 DOCS = {
   "accessory" => "Accessories",
-  "alias" => "Aliases",
   "boot" => "Booting",
   "builder" => "Builders",
   "configuration" => "Configuration overview",
@@ -68,27 +67,26 @@ class DocWriter
             output.puts
             place = :new_section
           elsif line =~ /^ *#/
-            generate_line(line, heading: place == :new_section)
+            generate_line(line, place: place)
             place = :in_section
           else
             output.puts "```yaml"
-            output.puts line
+            output.print line
             place = :in_yaml
           end
-        when :in_yaml, :in_empty_line_yaml
+        when :in_yaml
           if line =~ /^ *#/
             output.puts "```"
-            generate_line(line, heading: place == :in_empty_line_yaml)
+            generate_line(line, place: :new_section)
             place = :in_section
-          elsif line.empty?
-            place = :in_empty_line_yaml
           else
-            output.puts line
+            output.puts
+            output.print line
           end
         end
       end
 
-      output.puts "```" if place == :in_yaml
+      output.puts "\n```" if place == :in_yaml
     end
 
     def generate_header
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ class DocWriter
       output.puts
     end
 
-    def generate_line(line, heading: false)
+    def generate_line(line, place: :in_section)
       line = line.gsub(/^ *#\s?/, "")
 
       if line =~ /(.*)kamal docs ([a-z]*)(.*)/
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ class DocWriter
         line = "#{$1}[#{titlify($2.split("/").last)}](#{$2})#{$3}"
       end
 
-      if heading
+      if place == :new_section
         output.puts "## [#{line}](##{linkify(line)})"
       else
         output.puts line

kamal.gemspec

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.add_dependency "activesupport", ">= 7.0"
   spec.add_dependency "sshkit", ">= 1.23.0", "< 2.0"
   spec.add_dependency "net-ssh", "~> 7.0"
-  spec.add_dependency "thor", "~> 1.3"
+  spec.add_dependency "thor", "~> 1.2"
   spec.add_dependency "dotenv", "~> 2.8"
   spec.add_dependency "zeitwerk", "~> 2.5"
   spec.add_dependency "ed25519", "~> 1.2"

lib/kamal/cli/alias/command.rb

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Cli::Alias::Command < Thor::DynamicCommand
-  def run(instance, args = [])
-    if (_alias = KAMAL.config.aliases[name])
-      Kamal::Cli::Main.start(Shellwords.split(_alias.command) + ARGV[1..-1])
-    else
-      super
-    end
-  end
-end

lib/kamal/cli/app.rb

@@ -71,12 +71,11 @@ class Kamal::Cli::App < Kamal::Cli::Base
     end
   end
 
-  desc "exec [CMD...]", "Execute a custom command on servers within the app container (use --help to show options)"
+  desc "exec [CMD]", "Execute a custom command on servers within the app container (use --help to show options)"
   option :interactive, aliases: "-i", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Execute command over ssh for an interactive shell (use for console/bash)"
   option :reuse, type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Reuse currently running container instead of starting a new one"
   option :env, aliases: "-e", type: :hash, desc: "Set environment variables for the command"
-  def exec(*cmd)
+  def exec(cmd)
-    cmd = Kamal::Utils.join_commands(cmd)
     env = options[:env]
     case
     when options[:interactive] && options[:reuse]

lib/kamal/cli/base.rb

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ module Kamal::Cli
   class Base < Thor
     include SSHKit::DSL
 
-    def self.exit_on_failure?() false end
+    def self.exit_on_failure?() true end
-    def self.dynamic_command_class() Kamal::Cli::Alias::Command end
 
     class_option :verbose, type: :boolean, aliases: "-v", desc: "Detailed logging"
     class_option :quiet, type: :boolean, aliases: "-q", desc: "Minimal logging"
@@ -23,14 +22,8 @@ module Kamal::Cli
 
     class_option :skip_hooks, aliases: "-H", type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Don't run hooks"
 
-    def initialize(args = [], local_options = {}, config = {})
+    def initialize(*)
-      if config[:current_command].is_a?(Kamal::Cli::Alias::Command)
+      super
-        # When Thor generates a dynamic command, it doesn't attempt to parse the arguments.
-        # For our purposes, it means the arguments are passed in args rather than local_options.
-        super([], args, config)
-      else
-        super
-      end
       @original_env = ENV.to_h.dup
       load_env
       initialize_commander(options_with_subcommand_class_options)

lib/kamal/cli/build.rb

@@ -30,18 +30,9 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Build < Kamal::Cli::Base
       say "Building with uncommitted changes:\n #{uncommitted_changes}", :yellow
     end
 
-    # Get the command here to ensure the Dir.chdir doesn't interfere with it
-    push = KAMAL.builder.push
-
     run_locally do
       begin
-        context_hosts = capture_with_info(*KAMAL.builder.context_hosts).split("\n")
+        execute *KAMAL.builder.buildx_inspect
-
-        if context_hosts != KAMAL.builder.config_context_hosts
-          warn "Context hosts have changed, so re-creating builder, was: #{context_hosts.join(", ")}], now: #{KAMAL.builder.config_context_hosts.join(", ")}"
-          cli.remove
-          cli.create
-        end
       rescue SSHKit::Command::Failed => e
         if e.message =~ /(context not found|no builder|does not exist)/
           warn "Missing compatible builder, so creating a new one first"
@@ -51,6 +42,9 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Build < Kamal::Cli::Base
         end
       end
 
+      # Get the command here to ensure the Dir.chdir doesn't interfere with it
+      push = KAMAL.builder.push
+
       KAMAL.with_verbosity(:debug) do
         Dir.chdir(KAMAL.config.builder.build_directory) { execute *push }
       end

lib/kamal/cli/server.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 class Kamal::Cli::Server < Kamal::Cli::Base
   desc "exec", "Run a custom command on the server (use --help to show options)"
   option :interactive, type: :boolean, aliases: "-i", default: false, desc: "Run the command interactively (use for console/bash)"
-  def exec(*cmd)
+  def exec(cmd)
-    cmd = Kamal::Utils.join_commands(cmd)
     hosts = KAMAL.hosts | KAMAL.accessory_hosts
 
     case

lib/kamal/commander.rb

@@ -27,11 +27,7 @@ class Kamal::Commander
 
   def specific_primary!
     @specifics = nil
-    if specific_roles.present?
+    self.specific_hosts = [ config.primary_host ]
-      self.specific_hosts = [ specific_roles.first.primary_host ]
-    else
-      self.specific_hosts = [ config.primary_host ]
-    end
   end
 
   def specific_roles=(role_names)
@@ -117,10 +113,6 @@ class Kamal::Commander
     @traefik ||= Kamal::Commands::Traefik.new(config)
   end
 
-  def alias(name)
-    config.aliases[name]
-  end
-
 
   def with_verbosity(level)
     old_level = self.verbosity

lib/kamal/commands/builder.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 require "active_support/core_ext/string/filters"
 
 class Kamal::Commands::Builder < Kamal::Commands::Base
-  delegate :create, :remove, :push, :clean, :pull, :info, :context_hosts, :config_context_hosts, :validate_image,
+  delegate :create, :remove, :push, :clean, :pull, :info, :buildx_inspect, :validate_image, :first_mirror, to: :target
-           :first_mirror, to: :target
+  delegate :multiarch?, :local?, :remote?, to: "config.builder"
 
   include Clone
 
@@ -11,43 +11,27 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder < Kamal::Commands::Base
   end
 
   def target
-    if config.builder.multiarch?
+    if remote?
-      if config.builder.remote?
+      if local?
-        if config.builder.local?
+        hybrid
-          multiarch_remote
-        else
-          native_remote
-        end
       else
-        multiarch
+        remote
       end
     else
-      if config.builder.cached?
+      local
-        native_cached
-      else
-        native
-      end
     end
   end
 
-  def native
+  def remote
-    @native ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native.new(config)
+    @remote ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Remote.new(config)
   end
 
-  def native_cached
+  def local
-    @native ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native::Cached.new(config)
+    @local ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Local.new(config)
   end
 
-  def native_remote
+  def hybrid
-    @native ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native::Remote.new(config)
+    @hybrid ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Hybrid.new(config)
-  end
-
-  def multiarch
-    @multiarch ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch.new(config)
-  end
-
-  def multiarch_remote
-    @multiarch_remote ||= Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch::Remote.new(config)
   end
 
 

lib/kamal/commands/builder/base.rb

@@ -1,20 +1,41 @@
-
 class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base < Kamal::Commands::Base
   class BuilderError < StandardError; end
 
   ENDPOINT_DOCKER_HOST_INSPECT = "'{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'"
 
   delegate :argumentize, to: Kamal::Utils
-  delegate :args, :secrets, :dockerfile, :target, :local_arch, :local_host, :remote_arch, :remote_host, :cache_from, :cache_to, :ssh, to: :builder_config
+  delegate \
+    :args, :secrets, :dockerfile, :target, :local_arch, :remote_arch, :remote_host,
+    :cache_from, :cache_to, :multiarch?, :ssh, :driver, :docker_driver?,
+    to: :builder_config
 
   def clean
     docker :image, :rm, "--force", config.absolute_image
   end
 
+  def push
+    docker :build,
+      "--push",
+      *platform_options,
+      *([ "--builder", builder_name ] unless docker_driver?),
+      *build_options,
+      build_context
+  end
+
   def pull
     docker :pull, config.absolute_image
   end
 
+  def info
+    combine \
+      docker(:context, :ls),
+      docker(:buildx, :ls)
+  end
+
+  def buildx_inspect
+    docker :buildx, :inspect, builder_name
+  end
+
   def build_options
     [ *build_tags, *build_cache, *build_labels, *build_args, *build_secrets, *build_dockerfile, *build_target, *build_ssh ]
   end
@@ -32,14 +53,6 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base < Kamal::Commands::Base
       )
   end
 
-  def context_hosts
-    :true
-  end
-
-  def config_context_hosts
-    []
-  end
-
   def first_mirror
     docker(:info, "--format '{{index .RegistryConfig.Mirrors 0}}'")
   end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/clone.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module Kamal::Commands::Builder::Clone
   end
 
   def clone
-    git :clone, Kamal::Git.root, "--recurse-submodules", path: clone_directory
+    git :clone, Kamal::Git.root, path: clone_directory
   end
 
   def clone_reset_steps
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ module Kamal::Commands::Builder::Clone
       git(:remote, "set-url", :origin, Kamal::Git.root, path: build_directory),
       git(:fetch, :origin, path: build_directory),
       git(:reset, "--hard", Kamal::Git.revision, path: build_directory),
-      git(:clean, "-fdx", path: build_directory),
+      git(:clean, "-fdx", path: build_directory)
-      git(:submodule, :update, "--init", path: build_directory)
     ]
   end
 

lib/kamal/commands/builder/hybrid.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Hybrid < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Remote
+  def create
+    combine \
+      create_local_buildx,
+      create_remote_context,
+      append_remote_buildx
+  end
+
+  private
+    def builder_name
+      "kamal-hybrid-#{driver}-#{local_arch}-#{remote_arch}-#{remote_host.gsub(/[^a-z0-9_-]/, "-")}"
+    end
+
+    def create_local_buildx
+      docker :buildx, :create, "--name", builder_name, "--platform", "linux/#{local_arch}", "--driver=#{driver}"
+    end
+
+    def append_remote_buildx
+      docker :buildx, :create, "--append", "--name", builder_name, builder_name, "--platform", "linux/#{remote_arch}"
+    end
+
+    def platform
+      "linux/#{local_arch},linux/#{remote_arch}"
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/local.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Local < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base
+  def create
+    docker :buildx, :create, "--name", builder_name, "--driver=#{driver}" unless docker_driver?
+  end
+
+  def remove
+    docker :buildx, :rm, builder_name unless docker_driver?
+  end
+
+  private
+    def builder_name
+      "kamal-local-#{driver}"
+    end
+
+    def platform_options
+      if multiarch?
+        if local_arch
+          [ "--platform", "linux/#{local_arch}" ]
+        else
+          [ "--platform", "linux/amd64,linux/arm64" ]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/multiarch.rb

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base
-  def create
-    docker :buildx, :create, "--use", "--name", builder_name
-  end
-
-  def remove
-    docker :buildx, :rm, builder_name
-  end
-
-  def info
-    combine \
-      docker(:context, :ls),
-      docker(:buildx, :ls)
-  end
-
-  def push
-    docker :buildx, :build,
-      "--push",
-      "--platform", platform_names,
-      "--builder", builder_name,
-      *build_options,
-      build_context
-  end
-
-  def context_hosts
-    docker :buildx, :inspect, builder_name, "> /dev/null"
-  end
-
-  private
-    def builder_name
-      "kamal-#{config.service}-multiarch"
-    end
-
-    def platform_names
-      if local_arch
-        "linux/#{local_arch}"
-      else
-        "linux/amd64,linux/arm64"
-      end
-    end
-end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/multiarch/remote.rb

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch::Remote < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Multiarch
-  def create
-    combine \
-      create_contexts,
-      create_local_buildx,
-      append_remote_buildx
-  end
-
-  def remove
-    combine \
-      remove_contexts,
-      super
-  end
-
-  def context_hosts
-    chain \
-      context_host(builder_name_with_arch(local_arch)),
-      context_host(builder_name_with_arch(remote_arch))
-  end
-
-  def config_context_hosts
-    [ local_host, remote_host ].compact
-  end
-
-  private
-    def builder_name
-      super + "-remote"
-    end
-
-    def builder_name_with_arch(arch)
-      "#{builder_name}-#{arch}"
-    end
-
-    def create_local_buildx
-      docker :buildx, :create, "--name", builder_name, builder_name_with_arch(local_arch), "--platform", "linux/#{local_arch}"
-    end
-
-    def append_remote_buildx
-      docker :buildx, :create, "--append", "--name", builder_name, builder_name_with_arch(remote_arch), "--platform", "linux/#{remote_arch}"
-    end
-
-    def create_contexts
-      combine \
-        create_context(local_arch, local_host),
-        create_context(remote_arch, remote_host)
-    end
-
-    def create_context(arch, host)
-      docker :context, :create, builder_name_with_arch(arch), "--description", "'#{builder_name} #{arch} native host'", "--docker", "'host=#{host}'"
-    end
-
-    def remove_contexts
-      combine \
-        remove_context(local_arch),
-        remove_context(remote_arch)
-    end
-
-    def remove_context(arch)
-      docker :context, :rm, builder_name_with_arch(arch)
-    end
-end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/native.rb

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base
-  def create
-    # No-op on native without cache
-  end
-
-  def remove
-    # No-op on native without cache
-  end
-
-  def info
-    # No-op on native
-  end
-
-  def push
-    combine \
-      docker(:build, *build_options, build_context),
-      docker(:push, config.absolute_image),
-      docker(:push, config.latest_image)
-  end
-end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/native/cached.rb

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native::Cached < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native
-  def create
-    docker :buildx, :create, "--name", builder_name, "--use", "--driver=docker-container"
-  end
-
-  def remove
-    docker :buildx, :rm, builder_name
-  end
-
-  def push
-    docker :buildx, :build,
-      "--push",
-      *build_options,
-      build_context
-  end
-
-  def context_hosts
-    docker :buildx, :inspect, builder_name, "> /dev/null"
-  end
-
-  private
-    def builder_name
-      "kamal-#{config.service}-native-cached"
-    end
-end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/native/remote.rb

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native::Remote < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Native
-  def create
-    chain \
-      create_context,
-      create_buildx
-  end
-
-  def remove
-    chain \
-      remove_context,
-      remove_buildx
-  end
-
-  def info
-    chain \
-      docker(:context, :ls),
-      docker(:buildx, :ls)
-  end
-
-  def push
-    docker :buildx, :build,
-    "--push",
-    "--platform", platform,
-    "--builder", builder_name,
-    *build_options,
-    build_context
-  end
-
-  def context_hosts
-    context_host(builder_name_with_arch)
-  end
-
-  def config_context_hosts
-    [ remote_host ]
-  end
-
-
-  private
-    def builder_name
-      "kamal-#{config.service}-native-remote"
-    end
-
-    def builder_name_with_arch
-      "#{builder_name}-#{remote_arch}"
-    end
-
-    def platform
-      "linux/#{remote_arch}"
-    end
-
-    def create_context
-      docker :context, :create,
-        builder_name_with_arch, "--description", "'#{builder_name} #{remote_arch} native host'", "--docker", "'host=#{remote_host}'"
-    end
-
-    def remove_context
-      docker :context, :rm, builder_name_with_arch
-    end
-
-    def create_buildx
-      docker :buildx, :create, "--name", builder_name, builder_name_with_arch, "--platform", platform
-    end
-
-    def remove_buildx
-      docker :buildx, :rm, builder_name
-    end
-end

lib/kamal/commands/builder/remote.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+class Kamal::Commands::Builder::Remote < Kamal::Commands::Builder::Base
+  def create
+    chain \
+      create_remote_context,
+      create_buildx
+  end
+
+  def remove
+    chain \
+      remove_remote_context,
+      remove_buildx
+  end
+
+  def info
+    chain \
+      docker(:context, :ls),
+      docker(:buildx, :ls)
+  end
+
+  def push
+    docker :build,
+      "--push",
+      *platform_options,
+      "--builder", builder_name,
+      *build_options,
+      build_context
+  end
+
+  private
+    def builder_name
+      "kamal-remote-#{driver}-#{remote_arch}-#{remote_host.gsub(/[^a-z0-9_-]/, "-")}"
+    end
+
+    def create_remote_context
+      docker :context, :create, builder_name, "--description", "'#{builder_name} host'", "--docker", "'host=#{remote_host}'"
+    end
+
+    def remove_remote_context
+      docker :context, :rm, builder_name
+    end
+
+    def create_buildx
+      docker :buildx, :create, "--name", builder_name, builder_name, "--platform", platform
+    end
+
+    def remove_buildx
+      docker :buildx, :rm, builder_name
+    end
+
+    def platform_options
+      [ "--platform", platform ]
+    end
+
+    def platform
+      "linux/#{remote_arch}"
+    end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
   delegate :argumentize, :optionize, to: Kamal::Utils
 
   attr_reader :destination, :raw_config
-  attr_reader :accessories, :aliases, :boot, :builder, :env, :healthcheck, :logging, :traefik, :servers, :ssh, :sshkit, :registry
+  attr_reader :accessories, :boot, :builder, :env, :healthcheck, :logging, :traefik, :servers, :ssh, :sshkit, :registry
 
   include Validation
 
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
     @registry = Registry.new(config: self)
 
     @accessories = @raw_config.accessories&.keys&.collect { |name| Accessory.new(name, config: self) } || []
-    @aliases = @raw_config.aliases&.keys&.to_h { |name| [ name, Alias.new(name, config: self) ] } || {}
     @boot = Boot.new(config: self)
     @builder = Builder.new(config: self)
     @env = Env.new(config: @raw_config.env || {})

lib/kamal/configuration/alias.rb

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Configuration::Alias
-  include Kamal::Configuration::Validation
-
-  attr_reader :name, :command
-
-  def initialize(name, config:)
-    @name, @command = name.inquiry, config.raw_config["aliases"][name]
-
-    validate! \
-      command,
-      example: validation_yml["aliases"]["uname"],
-      context: "aliases/#{name}",
-      with: Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Alias
-  end
-end

lib/kamal/configuration/builder.rb

@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Builder
     builder_config["context"] || "."
   end
 
-  def local_arch
+  def driver
-    builder_config["local"]["arch"] if local?
+    builder_config.fetch("driver", "docker-container")
   end
 
-  def local_host
+  def local_arch
-    builder_config["local"]["host"] if local?
+    builder_config["local"]["arch"] if local?
   end
 
   def remote_arch
@@ -114,7 +114,36 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Builder
       end
   end
 
+  def docker_driver?
+    driver == "docker"
+  end
+
   private
+    def valid?
+      if multiarch?
+        if local?
+          raise ArgumentError, "Invalid builder configuration: local configuration, arch required" unless local_arch
+        end
+
+        if remote?
+          raise ArgumentError, "Invalid builder configuration: remote configuration, arch required" unless remote_arch
+          raise ArgumentError, "Invalid builder configuration: remote configuration, arch required" unless remote_host
+        end
+
+        if docker_driver?
+          raise ArgumentError, "Invalid builder configuration: the docker driver does not support multiarch builds"
+        end
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid builder configuration: multiarch must be enabled for local configuration" if local?
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid builder configuration: multiarch must be enabled for remote configuration" if remote?
+      end
+
+      if @options["cache"] && @options["cache"]["type"]
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid cache type: #{@options["cache"]["type"]}" unless [ "gha", "registry" ].include?(@options["cache"]["type"])
+        raise ArgumentError, "The docker driver does not support caching" if docker_driver?
+      end
+    end
+
     def cache_image
       builder_config["cache"]&.fetch("image", nil) || "#{image}-build-cache"
     end

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/alias.yml

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# Aliases
-#
-# Aliases are shortcuts for Kamal commands.
-#
-# For example, for a Rails app, you might open a console with:
-#
-# ```shell
-# kamal app exec -i -r console "rails console"
-# ```
-#
-# By defining an alias, like this:
-aliases:
-  console: app exec -r console -i "rails console"
-# You can now open the console with:
-# ```shell
-# kamal console
-# ```
-
-# Configuring aliases
-#
-# Aliases are defined in the root config under the alias key
-#
-# Each alias is named and can only contain lowercase letters, numbers, dashes and underscores.
-
-aliases:
-  uname: app exec -p -q -r web "uname -a"

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/builder.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Builder
 #
-# The builder configuration controls how the application is built with `docker build` or `docker buildx build`
+# The builder configuration controls how the application is built with `docker build`
 #
 # If no configuration is specified, Kamal will:
 # 1. Create a buildx context called `kamal-<service>-multiarch`
-# 2. Use `docker buildx build` to build a multiarch image for linux/amd64,linux/arm64 with that context
+# 2. Use `docker build` to build a multiarch image for linux/amd64,linux/arm64 with that context
 #
 # See https://kamal-deploy.org/docs/configuration/builder-examples/ for more information
 
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ builder:
   # Enables multiarch builds, defaults to `true`
   multiarch: false
 
+  # Driver
+  #
+  # The build driver to use, defaults to `docker-container`
+  driver: docker
+
   # Local configuration
   #
   # The build configuration for local builds, only used if multiarch is enabled (the default)

lib/kamal/configuration/docs/configuration.yml

@@ -166,9 +166,3 @@ healthcheck:
 # Docker logging configuration, see kamal docs logging
 logging:
   ...
-
-# Aliases
-#
-# Alias configuration, see kamal docs alias
-aliases:
-  ...

lib/kamal/configuration/validator.rb

@@ -13,34 +13,32 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Validator
 
   private
     def validate_against_example!(validation_config, example)
-      validate_type! validation_config, example.class
+      validate_type! validation_config, Hash
 
-      if example.class == Hash
+      check_unknown_keys! validation_config, example
-        check_unknown_keys! validation_config, example
 
-        validation_config.each do |key, value|
+      validation_config.each do |key, value|
-          next if extension?(key)
+        next if extension?(key)
-          with_context(key) do
+        with_context(key) do
-            example_value = example[key]
+          example_value = example[key]
 
-            if example_value == "..."
+          if example_value == "..."
-              validate_type! value, *(Array if key == :servers), Hash
+            validate_type! value, *(Array if key == :servers), Hash
-            elsif key == "hosts"
+          elsif key == "hosts"
-              validate_servers! value
+            validate_servers! value
-            elsif example_value.is_a?(Array)
+          elsif example_value.is_a?(Array)
-              validate_array_of! value, example_value.first.class
+            validate_array_of! value, example_value.first.class
-            elsif example_value.is_a?(Hash)
+          elsif example_value.is_a?(Hash)
-              case key.to_s
+            case key.to_s
-              when "options", "args"
+            when "options", "args"
-                validate_type! value, Hash
+              validate_type! value, Hash
-              when "labels"
+            when "labels"
-                validate_hash_of! value, example_value.first[1].class
+              validate_hash_of! value, example_value.first[1].class
-              else
-                validate_against_example! value, example_value
-              end
             else
-              validate_type! value, example_value.class
+              validate_against_example! value, example_value
             end
+          else
+            validate_type! value, example_value.class
           end
         end
       end

lib/kamal/configuration/validator/alias.rb

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-class Kamal::Configuration::Validator::Alias < Kamal::Configuration::Validator
-  def validate!
-    super
-
-    name = context.delete_prefix("aliases/")
-
-    if name !~ /\A[a-z0-9_-]+\z/
-      error "Invalid alias name: '#{name}'. Must only contain lowercase letters, alphanumeric, hyphens and underscores."
-    end
-
-    if Kamal::Cli::Main.commands.include?(name)
-      error "Alias '#{name}' conflicts with a built-in command."
-    end
-  end
-end

lib/kamal/utils.rb

@@ -77,8 +77,4 @@ module Kamal::Utils
   def stable_sort!(elements, &block)
     elements.sort_by!.with_index { |element, index| [ block.call(element), index ] }
   end
-
-  def join_commands(commands)
-    commands.map(&:strip).join(" ")
-  end
 end

lib/kamal/version.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module Kamal
-  VERSION = "2.0.0.alpha"
+  VERSION = "1.8.1"
 end

test/cli/app_test.rb

@@ -247,12 +247,6 @@ class CliAppTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
-  test "exec separate arguments" do
-    run_command("exec", "ruby", " -v").tap do |output|
-      assert_match "docker run --rm --env-file .kamal/env/roles/app-web.env dhh/app:latest ruby -v", output
-    end
-  end
-
   test "exec with reuse" do
     run_command("exec", "--reuse", "ruby -v").tap do |output|
       assert_match "sh -c 'docker ps --latest --format '\\''{{.Names}}'\\'' --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting --filter ancestor=$(docker image ls --filter reference=dhh/app:latest --format '\\''{{.ID}}'\\'') ; docker ps --latest --format '\\''{{.Names}}'\\'' --filter label=service=app --filter label=role=web --filter status=running --filter status=restarting' | head -1 | while read line; do echo ${line#app-web-}; done", output # Get current version

test/cli/build_test.rb

@@ -21,16 +21,12 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
         .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
         .returns("")
 
-      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
-        .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
-        .returns("")
-
       run_command("push", "--verbose").tap do |output|
         assert_hook_ran "pre-build", output, **hook_variables
         assert_match /Cloning repo into build directory/, output
         assert_match /git -C #{Dir.tmpdir}\/kamal-clones\/app-#{pwd_sha} clone #{Dir.pwd}/, output
         assert_match /docker --version && docker buildx version/, output
-        assert_match /docker buildx build --push --platform linux\/amd64,linux\/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh\/app:999 -t dhh\/app:latest --label service="app" --file Dockerfile \. as .*@localhost/, output
+        assert_match /docker build --push --platform linux\/amd64,linux\/arm64 --builder kamal-local -t dhh\/app:999 -t dhh\/app:latest --label service="app" --file Dockerfile \. as .*@localhost/, output
       end
     end
   end
@@ -42,7 +38,7 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "--version", "&&", :docker, :buildx, "version")
 
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-        .with(:git, "-C", "#{Dir.tmpdir}/kamal-clones/app-#{pwd_sha}", :clone, Dir.pwd, "--recurse-submodules")
+        .with(:git, "-C", "#{Dir.tmpdir}/kamal-clones/app-#{pwd_sha}", :clone, Dir.pwd)
         .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("fatal: destination path 'kamal' already exists and is not an empty directory"))
         .then
         .returns(true)
@@ -50,10 +46,9 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :fetch, :origin)
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :reset, "--hard", Kamal::Git.revision)
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :clean, "-fdx")
-      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:git, "-C", build_directory, :submodule, :update, "--init")
 
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-        .with(:docker, :buildx, :build, "--push", "--platform", "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", "--builder", "kamal-app-multiarch", "-t", "dhh/app:999", "-t", "dhh/app:latest", "--label", "service=\"app\"", "--file", "Dockerfile", ".")
+        .with(:docker, :build, "--push", "--platform", "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", "--builder", "kamal-local", "-t", "dhh/app:999", "-t", "dhh/app:latest", "--label", "service=\"app\"", "--file", "Dockerfile", ".")
 
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
         .with(:git, "-C", anything, :"rev-parse", :HEAD)
@@ -78,7 +73,7 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
       assert_no_match /Cloning repo into build directory/, output
       assert_hook_ran "pre-build", output, **hook_variables
       assert_match /docker --version && docker buildx version/, output
-      assert_match /docker buildx build --push --platform linux\/amd64,linux\/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh\/app:999 -t dhh\/app:latest --label service="app" --file Dockerfile . as .*@localhost/, output
+      assert_match /docker build --push --platform linux\/amd64,linux\/arm64 --builder kamal-local -t dhh\/app:999 -t dhh\/app:latest --label service="app" --file Dockerfile . as .*@localhost/, output
     end
   end
 
@@ -89,7 +84,7 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "--version", "&&", :docker, :buildx, "version")
 
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-        .with(:git, "-C", "#{Dir.tmpdir}/kamal-clones/app-#{pwd_sha}", :clone, Dir.pwd, "--recurse-submodules")
+        .with(:git, "-C", "#{Dir.tmpdir}/kamal-clones/app-#{pwd_sha}", :clone, Dir.pwd)
         .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("fatal: destination path 'kamal' already exists and is not an empty directory"))
         .then
         .returns(true)
@@ -124,10 +119,10 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
         .with(:docker, "--version", "&&", :docker, :buildx, "version")
 
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-        .with(:docker, :buildx, :create, "--use", "--name", "kamal-app-multiarch")
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :create, "--name", "kamal-local", "--driver=docker-container")
 
-      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-        .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-local")
         .raises(SSHKit::Command::Failed.new("no builder"))
 
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with { |*args| args.first.start_with?("git") }
@@ -141,7 +136,7 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
         .returns("")
 
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute)
-        .with(:docker, :buildx, :build, "--push", "--platform", "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", "--builder", "kamal-app-multiarch", "-t", "dhh/app:999", "-t", "dhh/app:latest", "--label", "service=\"app\"", "--file", "Dockerfile", ".")
+        .with(:docker, :build, "--push", "--platform", "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", "--builder", "kamal-local", "-t", "dhh/app:999", "-t", "dhh/app:latest", "--label", "service=\"app\"", "--file", "Dockerfile", ".")
 
       run_command("push").tap do |output|
         assert_match /WARN Missing compatible builder, so creating a new one first/, output
@@ -165,7 +160,7 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
     error = assert_raises(Kamal::Cli::HookError) { run_command("push") }
     assert_equal "Hook `pre-build` failed:\nfailed", error.message
 
-    assert @executions.none? { |args| args[0..2] == [ :docker, :buildx, :build ] }
+    assert @executions.none? { |args| args[0..2] == [ :docker, :build ] }
   end
 
   test "pull" do
@@ -207,23 +202,23 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
 
   test "create" do
     run_command("create").tap do |output|
-      assert_match /docker buildx create --use --name kamal-app-multiarch/, output
+      assert_match /docker buildx create --name kamal-local --driver=docker-container/, output
     end
   end
 
   test "create remote" do
     run_command("create", fixture: :with_remote_builder).tap do |output|
       assert_match "Running /usr/bin/env true on 1.1.1.5", output
-      assert_match "docker context create kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --description 'kamal-app-native-remote amd64 native host' --docker 'host=ssh://app@1.1.1.5'", output
+      assert_match "docker context create kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5 --description 'kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5 host' --docker 'host=ssh://app@1.1.1.5'", output
-      assert_match "docker buildx create --name kamal-app-native-remote kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --platform linux/amd64", output
+      assert_match "docker buildx create --name kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5 kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5 --platform linux/amd64", output
     end
   end
 
   test "create remote with custom ports" do
     run_command("create", fixture: :with_remote_builder_and_custom_ports).tap do |output|
       assert_match "Running /usr/bin/env true on 1.1.1.5", output
-      assert_match "docker context create kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --description 'kamal-app-native-remote amd64 native host' --docker 'host=ssh://app@1.1.1.5:2122'", output
+      assert_match "docker context create kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5-2122 --description 'kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5-2122 host' --docker 'host=ssh://app@1.1.1.5:2122'", output
-      assert_match "docker buildx create --name kamal-app-native-remote kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --platform linux/amd64", output
+      assert_match "docker buildx create --name kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5-2122 kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-1-1-1-5-2122 --platform linux/amd64", output
     end
   end
 
@@ -240,7 +235,7 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
 
   test "remove" do
     run_command("remove").tap do |output|
-      assert_match /docker buildx rm kamal-app-multiarch/, output
+      assert_match /docker buildx rm kamal-local/, output
     end
   end
 
@@ -250,7 +245,7 @@ class CliBuildTest < CliTestCase
       .returns("docker builder info")
 
     run_command("details").tap do |output|
-      assert_match /Builder: multiarch/, output
+      assert_match /Builder: local/, output
       assert_match /docker builder info/, output
     end
   end

test/cli/cli_test_case.rb

@@ -36,9 +36,8 @@ class CliTestCase < ActiveSupport::TestCase
         .with { |arg1, arg2| arg1 == :mkdir && arg2 == ".kamal/locks/app" }
       SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
         .with { |arg1, arg2| arg1 == :rm && arg2 == ".kamal/locks/app/details" }
-      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture_with_info)
+      SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:execute)
-        .with { |*args| args[0..2] == [ :docker, :buildx, :inspect ] }
+        .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-local")
-        .returns("")
     end
 
     def assert_hook_ran(hook, output, version:, service_version:, hosts:, command:, subcommand: nil, runtime: false)
@@ -63,12 +62,4 @@ class CliTestCase < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
       assert_match expected, output
     end
-
-    def with_argv(*argv)
-      old_argv = ARGV
-      ARGV.replace(*argv)
-      yield
-    ensure
-      ARGV.replace(old_argv)
-    end
 end

test/cli/main_test.rb

@@ -121,10 +121,6 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
       .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
       .returns("")
 
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
-      .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
-      .returns("")
-
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
       .with(:docker, :info, "--format '{{index .RegistryConfig.Mirrors 0}}'")
       .returns("")
@@ -159,10 +155,6 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
       .with(:git, "-C", anything, :status, "--porcelain")
       .returns("")
 
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
-      .with(:docker, :buildx, :inspect, "kamal-app-multiarch", "> /dev/null")
-      .returns("")
-
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:capture_with_info)
       .with(:docker, :info, "--format '{{index .RegistryConfig.Mirrors 0}}'")
       .returns("")
@@ -537,47 +529,9 @@ class CliMainTest < CliTestCase
     assert_equal Kamal::VERSION, version
   end
 
-  test "run an alias for details" do
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:traefik:details")
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:app:details")
-    Kamal::Cli::Main.any_instance.expects(:invoke).with("kamal:cli:accessory:details", [ "all" ])
-
-    run_command("info", config_file: "deploy_with_aliases")
-  end
-
-  test "run an alias for a console" do
-    run_command("console", config_file: "deploy_with_aliases").tap do |output|
-      assert_match "docker exec app-console-999 bin/console on 1.1.1.5", output
-      assert_match "App Host: 1.1.1.5", output
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "run an alias for a console overriding role" do
-    run_command("console", "-r", "workers", config_file: "deploy_with_aliases").tap do |output|
-      assert_match "docker exec app-workers-999 bin/console on 1.1.1.3", output
-      assert_match "App Host: 1.1.1.3", output
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "run an alias for a console passing command" do
-    run_command("exec", "bin/job", config_file: "deploy_with_aliases").tap do |output|
-      assert_match "docker exec app-console-999 bin/job on 1.1.1.5", output
-      assert_match "App Host: 1.1.1.5", output
-    end
-  end
-
-  test "append to command with an alias" do
-    run_command("rails", "db:migrate:status", config_file: "deploy_with_aliases").tap do |output|
-      assert_match "docker exec app-console-999 rails db:migrate:status on 1.1.1.5", output
-      assert_match "App Host: 1.1.1.5", output
-    end
-  end
-
   private
     def run_command(*command, config_file: "deploy_simple")
-      with_argv([ *command, "-c", "test/fixtures/#{config_file}.yml" ]) do
+      stdouted { Kamal::Cli::Main.start([ *command, "-c", "test/fixtures/#{config_file}.yml" ]) }
-        stdouted { Kamal::Cli::Main.start }
-      end
     end
 
     def with_test_dotenv(**files)

test/cli/server_test.rb

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ require_relative "cli_test_case"
 class CliServerTest < CliTestCase
   test "running a command with exec" do
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture)
-      .with("date", verbosity: 1)
+    .with("date", verbosity: 1)
-      .returns("Today")
+    .returns("Today")
 
     hosts = "1.1.1.1".."1.1.1.4"
     run_command("exec", "date").tap do |output|
@@ -15,20 +15,6 @@ class CliServerTest < CliTestCase
     end
   end
 
-  test "running a command with exec multiple arguments" do
-    SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.stubs(:capture)
-      .with("date -j", verbosity: 1)
-      .returns("Today")
-
-    hosts = "1.1.1.1".."1.1.1.4"
-    run_command("exec", "date", "-j").tap do |output|
-      hosts.map do |host|
-        assert_match "Running 'date -j' on #{hosts.to_a.join(', ')}...", output
-        assert_match "App Host: #{host}\nToday", output
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
   test "bootstrap already installed" do
     stub_setup
     SSHKit::Backend::Abstract.any_instance.expects(:execute).with(:docker, "-v", raise_on_non_zero_exit: false).returns(true).at_least_once

test/commands/builder_test.rb

@@ -7,49 +7,49 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "target multiarch by default" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
-    assert_equal "multiarch", builder.name
+    assert_equal "local", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "target native when multiarch is off" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false })
-    assert_equal "native", builder.name
+    assert_equal "local", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile . && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
+      "docker build --push --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "target native cached when multiarch is off and cache is set" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
-    assert_equal "native/cached", builder.name
+    assert_equal "local", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
+      "docker build --push --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "target multiarch remote when local and remote is set" do
-    builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "local" => {}, "remote" => {}, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
+    builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "local" => { "arch" => "arm64" }, "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://app@127.0.0.1" }, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
-    assert_equal "multiarch/remote", builder.name
+    assert_equal "hybrid", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch-remote -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/arm64,linux/amd64 --builder kamal-hybrid-arm64-amd64-ssh---app-127-0-0-1 -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "target multiarch local when arch is set" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "local" => { "arch" => "amd64" } })
-    assert_equal "multiarch", builder.name
+    assert_equal "local", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "target native remote when only remote is set" do
-    builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64" }, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
+    builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://app@host" }, "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
-    assert_equal "native/remote", builder.name
+    assert_equal "remote", builder.name
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-app-native-remote -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-host -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -93,28 +93,28 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   test "build context" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "context" => ".." })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ..",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ..",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "native push with build args" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "args" => { "a" => 1, "b" => 2 } })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile . && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
+      "docker build --push --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "multiarch push with build args" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "args" => { "a" => 1, "b" => 2 } })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile .",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --build-arg a=\"1\" --build-arg b=\"2\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "native push with build secrets" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "secrets" => [ "a", "b" ] })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --secret id=\"a\" --secret id=\"b\" --file Dockerfile . && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
+      "docker build --push --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --secret id=\"a\" --secret id=\"b\" --file Dockerfile .",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -133,73 +133,31 @@ class CommandsBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   test "multiarch context build" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "context" => "./foo" })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-app-multiarch -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "native context build" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "context" => "./foo" })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker build -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo && docker push dhh/app:123 && docker push dhh/app:latest",
+      "docker build --push --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "cached context build" do
     builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "context" => "./foo", "cache" => { "type" => "gha" } })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo",
+      "docker build --push --builder kamal-local -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --cache-to type=gha --cache-from type=gha --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
   test "remote context build" do
-    builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64" }, "context" => "./foo" })
+    builder = new_builder_command(builder: { "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://app@host" }, "context" => "./foo" })
     assert_equal \
-      "docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-app-native-remote -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo",
+      "docker build --push --platform linux/amd64 --builder kamal-remote-amd64-ssh---app-host -t dhh/app:123 -t dhh/app:latest --label service=\"app\" --file Dockerfile ./foo",
       builder.push.join(" ")
   end
 
-  test "multiarch context hosts" do
-    command = new_builder_command
-    assert_equal "docker buildx inspect kamal-app-multiarch > /dev/null", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
-    assert_equal "", command.config_context_hosts.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "native context hosts" do
-    command = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false })
-    assert_equal :true, command.context_hosts
-    assert_equal "", command.config_context_hosts.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "native cached context hosts" do
-    command = new_builder_command(builder: { "multiarch" => false, "cache" => { "type" => "registry" } })
-    assert_equal "docker buildx inspect kamal-app-native-cached > /dev/null", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
-    assert_equal "", command.config_context_hosts.join(" ")
-  end
-
-  test "native remote context hosts" do
-    command = new_builder_command(builder: { "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://host" } })
-    assert_equal "docker context inspect kamal-app-native-remote-amd64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
-    assert_equal [ "ssh://host" ], command.config_context_hosts
-  end
-
-  test "multiarch remote context hosts" do
-    command = new_builder_command(builder: {
-      "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://host" },
-      "local" => { "arch" => "arm64" }
-    })
-    assert_equal "docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-arm64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}' ; docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-amd64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
-    assert_equal [ "ssh://host" ], command.config_context_hosts
-  end
-
-  test "multiarch remote context hosts with local host" do
-    command = new_builder_command(builder: {
-      "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://host" },
-      "local" => { "arch" => "arm64", "host" => "unix:///var/run/docker.sock" }
-    })
-    assert_equal "docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-arm64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}' ; docker context inspect kamal-app-multiarch-remote-amd64 --format '{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}'", command.context_hosts.join(" ")
-    assert_equal [ "unix:///var/run/docker.sock", "ssh://host" ], command.config_context_hosts
-  end
-
   test "mirror count" do
     command = new_builder_command
     assert_equal "docker info --format '{{index .RegistryConfig.Mirrors 0}}'", command.first_mirror.join(" ")

test/configuration/builder_test.rb

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ConfigurationBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "setting both local and remote configs" do
     @deploy_with_builder_option[:builder] = {
-      "local" => { "arch" => "arm64", "host" => "unix:///Users/<%= `whoami`.strip %>/.docker/run/docker.sock" },
+      "local" => { "arch" => "arm64" },
       "remote" => { "arch" => "amd64", "host" => "ssh://root@192.168.0.1" }
     }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ class ConfigurationBuilderTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal "ssh://root@192.168.0.1", config_with_builder_option.builder.remote_host
 
     assert_equal "arm64", config_with_builder_option.builder.local_arch
-    assert_equal "unix:///Users/<%= `whoami`.strip %>/.docker/run/docker.sock", config_with_builder_option.builder.local_host
   end
 
   test "cached?" do

test/fixtures/deploy_with_aliases.yml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-service: app
-image: dhh/app
-servers:
-  web:
-    - 1.1.1.1
-    - 1.1.1.2
-  workers:
-    hosts:
-      - 1.1.1.3
-      - 1.1.1.4
-  console:
-    hosts:
-      - 1.1.1.5
-registry:
-  username: user
-  password: pw
-aliases:
-  info: details
-  console: app exec --reuse -p -r console "bin/console"
-  exec: app exec --reuse -p -r console
-  rails: app exec --reuse -p -r console rails

test/integration/docker/deployer/app/.kamal/hooks/pre-connect

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 echo "About to lock..."
+if [ "$KAMAL_HOSTS" != "vm1,vm2" ]; then
+  echo "Expected hosts to be 'vm1,vm2', got $KAMAL_HOSTS"
+  exit 1
+fi
 mkdir -p /tmp/${TEST_ID} && touch /tmp/${TEST_ID}/pre-connect

test/integration/docker/deployer/app/config/deploy.yml

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ registry:
   password: root
 builder:
   multiarch: false
+  driver: docker
   args:
     COMMIT_SHA: <%= `git rev-parse HEAD` %>
 healthcheck:

test/integration/docker/deployer/app_with_roles/.kamal/hooks/pre-connect

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 echo "About to lock..."
+if [ "$KAMAL_HOSTS" != "vm1,vm2,vm3" ]; then
+  echo "Expected hosts to be 'vm1,vm2,vm3', got $KAMAL_HOSTS"
+  exit 1
+fi
 mkdir -p /tmp/${TEST_ID} && touch /tmp/${TEST_ID}/pre-connect

test/integration/docker/deployer/app_with_roles/config/deploy.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ registry:
   password: root
 builder:
   multiarch: false
+  driver: docker
   args:
     COMMIT_SHA: <%= `git rev-parse HEAD` %>
 healthcheck:
@@ -37,7 +38,3 @@ accessories:
       - web
 stop_wait_time: 1
 readiness_delay: 0
-aliases:
-  whome: version
-  worker_hostname: app exec -r workers -q --reuse hostname
-  uname: server exec -q -p uname

test/integration/main_test.rb

@@ -82,22 +82,6 @@ class MainTest < IntegrationTest
     assert_equal({ "cmd"=>"wget -qO- http://localhost > /dev/null || exit 1", "interval"=>"1s", "max_attempts"=>3, "port"=>3000, "path"=>"/up", "cord"=>"/tmp/kamal-cord", "log_lines"=>50 }, config[:healthcheck])
   end
 
-  test "aliases" do
-    @app = "app_with_roles"
-
-    kamal :envify
-    kamal :deploy
-
-    output = kamal :whome, capture: true
-    assert_equal Kamal::VERSION, output
-
-    output = kamal :worker_hostname, capture: true
-    assert_match /App Host: vm3\nvm3-[0-9a-f]{12}$/, output
-
-    output = kamal :uname, "-o", capture: true
-    assert_match "App Host: vm1\nGNU/Linux", output
-  end
-
   test "setup and remove" do
     # Check remove completes when nothing has been setup yet
     kamal :remove, "-y"