Always send the clear env to the container

Secret and clear env variables have different lifecycles. The clear ones
are part of the repo, so it makes sense to always deploy them with the
rest of the repo.

The secret ones are external so we can't be sure that they are up to
date, therefore they require an explicit push via `envify` or `env push`.

We'll keep the env file, but now it just contains secrets. The clear
values are passed directly to `docker run`.

lib/kamal/cli/env.rb

@@ -9,20 +9,20 @@ class Kamal::Cli::Env < Kamal::Cli::Base
 
         KAMAL.roles_on(host).each do |role|
           execute *KAMAL.app(role: role).make_env_directory
-          upload! StringIO.new(role.env_file), role.host_env_file_path, mode: 400
+          upload! role.env.secrets_io, role.env.secrets_file, mode: 400
         end
       end
 
       on(KAMAL.traefik_hosts) do
         execute *KAMAL.traefik.make_env_directory
-        upload! StringIO.new(KAMAL.traefik.env_file), KAMAL.traefik.host_env_file_path, mode: 400
+        upload! KAMAL.traefik.env.secrets_io, KAMAL.traefik.env.secrets_file, mode: 400
       end
 
       on(KAMAL.accessory_hosts) do
         KAMAL.accessories_on(host).each do |accessory|
           accessory_config = KAMAL.config.accessory(accessory)
           execute *KAMAL.accessory(accessory).make_env_directory
-          upload! StringIO.new(accessory_config.env_file), accessory_config.host_env_file_path, mode: 400
+          upload! accessory_config.env.secrets_io, accessory_config.env.secrets_file, mode: 400
         end
       end
     end

lib/kamal/commands/accessory.rb

@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Accessory < Kamal::Commands::Base
   end
 
   def make_env_directory
-    make_directory accessory_config.host_env_directory
+    make_directory accessory_config.env.secrets_directory
   end
 
   def remove_env_file
-    [ :rm, "-f", accessory_config.host_env_file_path ]
+    [ :rm, "-f", accessory_config.env.secrets_file ]
   end
 
   private

lib/kamal/commands/app.rb

@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ class Kamal::Commands::App < Kamal::Commands::Base
 
 
   def make_env_directory
-    make_directory role.host_env_directory
+    make_directory role.env.secrets_directory
   end
 
   def remove_env_file
-    [ :rm, "-f", role.host_env_file_path ]
+    [ :rm, "-f", role.env.secrets_file ]
   end
 
 

lib/kamal/commands/traefik.rb

@@ -71,20 +71,18 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Traefik < Kamal::Commands::Base
     "#{host_port}:#{CONTAINER_PORT}"
   end
 
-  def env_file
+  def env
-    Kamal::EnvFile.new(config.traefik.fetch("env", {}))
+    Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config \
-  end
+      config: config.traefik.fetch("env", {}),
-
+      secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "traefik", "traefik.env")
-  def host_env_file_path
-    File.join host_env_directory, "traefik.env"
   end
 
   def make_env_directory
-    make_directory(host_env_directory)
+    make_directory(env.secrets_directory)
   end
 
   def remove_env_file
-    [ :rm, "-f", host_env_file_path ]
+    [ :rm, "-f", env.secrets_file ]
   end
 
   private
@@ -97,11 +95,7 @@ class Kamal::Commands::Traefik < Kamal::Commands::Base
     end
 
     def env_args
-      argumentize "--env-file", host_env_file_path
+      env.args
-    end
-
-    def host_env_directory
-      File.join config.host_env_directory, "traefik"
     end
 
     def labels

lib/kamal/configuration.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require "erb"
 require "net/ssh/proxy/jump"
 
 class Kamal::Configuration
-  delegate :service, :image, :servers, :env, :labels, :registry, :stop_wait_time, :hooks_path, :logging, to: :raw_config, allow_nil: true
+  delegate :service, :image, :servers, :labels, :registry, :stop_wait_time, :hooks_path, :logging, to: :raw_config, allow_nil: true
   delegate :argumentize, :optionize, to: Kamal::Utils
 
   attr_reader :destination, :raw_config
@@ -216,12 +216,17 @@ class Kamal::Configuration
     raw_config.hooks_path || ".kamal/hooks"
   end
 
+  def asset_path
+    raw_config.asset_path
+  end
+
+
   def host_env_directory
     "#{run_directory}/env"
   end
 
-  def asset_path
+  def env
-    raw_config.asset_path
+    raw_config.env || {}
   end
 
 

lib/kamal/configuration/accessory.rb

@@ -42,23 +42,13 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
   end
 
   def env
-    specifics["env"] || {}
+    Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config \
-  end
+      config: specifics.fetch("env", {}),
-
+      secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "accessories", "#{service_name}.env")
-  def env_file
-    Kamal::EnvFile.new(env)
-  end
-
-  def host_env_directory
-    File.join config.host_env_directory, "accessories"
-  end
-
-  def host_env_file_path
-    File.join host_env_directory, "#{service_name}.env"
   end
 
   def env_args
-    argumentize "--env-file", host_env_file_path
+    env.args
   end
 
   def files
@@ -111,10 +101,10 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Accessory
     end
 
     def with_clear_env_loaded
-      (env["clear"] || env).each { |k, v| ENV[k] = v }
+      env.clear.each { |k, v| ENV[k] = v }
       yield
     ensure
-      (env["clear"] || env).each { |k, v| ENV.delete(k) }
+      env.clear.each { |k, v| ENV.delete(k) }
     end
 
     def read_dynamic_file(local_file)

lib/kamal/configuration/env.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+class Kamal::Configuration::Env
+  attr_reader :secrets_keys, :clear, :secrets_file
+  delegate :argumentize, to: Kamal::Utils
+
+  def self.from_config(config:, secrets_file: nil)
+    secrets_keys = config.fetch("secret", [])
+    clear = config.fetch("clear", config.key?("secret") ? {} : config)
+
+    new clear: clear, secrets_keys: secrets_keys, secrets_file: secrets_file
+  end
+
+  def initialize(clear:, secrets_keys:, secrets_file:)
+    @clear = clear
+    @secrets_keys = secrets_keys
+    @secrets_file = secrets_file
+  end
+
+  def args
+    [ "--env-file", secrets_file, *argumentize("--env", clear) ]
+  end
+
+  def secrets_io
+    StringIO.new(Kamal::EnvFile.new(secrets).to_s)
+  end
+
+  def secrets
+    @secrets ||= secrets_keys.to_h { |key| [ key, ENV.fetch(key) ] }
+  end
+
+  def secrets_directory
+    File.dirname(secrets_file)
+  end
+
+  def merge(other)
+    self.class.new \
+      clear: @clear.merge(other.clear),
+      secrets_keys: @secrets_keys | other.secrets_keys,
+      secrets_file: secrets_file
+  end
+end

lib/kamal/configuration/role.rb

@@ -51,27 +51,11 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
 
 
   def env
-    if config.env && config.env["secret"]
+    @env ||= base_env.merge(specialized_env)
-      merged_env_with_secrets
-    else
-      merged_env
-    end
-  end
-
-  def env_file
-    Kamal::EnvFile.new(env)
-  end
-
-  def host_env_directory
-    File.join config.host_env_directory, "roles"
-  end
-
-  def host_env_file_path
-    File.join host_env_directory, "#{[ config.service, name, config.destination ].compact.join("-")}.env"
   end
 
   def env_args
-    argumentize "--env-file", host_env_file_path
+    env.args
   end
 
   def asset_volume_args
@@ -217,7 +201,7 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
     end
 
     def traefik_service
-      [ config.service, name, config.destination ].compact.join("-")
+      container_prefix
     end
 
     def custom_labels
@@ -236,24 +220,14 @@ class Kamal::Configuration::Role
     end
 
     def specialized_env
-      specializations["env"] || {}
+      Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config config: specializations.fetch("env", {})
-    end
-
-    def merged_env
-      config.env&.merge(specialized_env) || {}
     end
 
     # Secrets are stored in an array, which won't merge by default, so have to do it by hand.
-    def merged_env_with_secrets
+    def base_env
-      merged_env.tap do |new_env|
+      Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config \
-        new_env["secret"] = Array(config.env["secret"]) + Array(specialized_env["secret"])
+        config: config.env,
-
+        secrets_file: File.join(config.host_env_directory, "roles", "#{container_prefix}.env")
-        # If there's no secret/clear split, everything is clear
-        clear_app_env  = config.env["secret"] ? Array(config.env["clear"]) : Array(config.env["clear"] || config.env)
-        clear_role_env = specialized_env["secret"] ? Array(specialized_env["clear"]) : Array(specialized_env["clear"] || specialized_env)
-
-        new_env["clear"] = clear_app_env.to_h.merge(clear_role_env.to_h)
-      end
     end
 
     def http_health_check(port:, path:)

lib/kamal/env_file.rb

@@ -6,18 +6,8 @@ class Kamal::EnvFile
 
   def to_s
     env_file = StringIO.new.tap do |contents|
-      if (secrets = @env["secret"]).present?
+      @env.each do |key, value|
-        @env.fetch("secret", @env)&.each do |key|
+        contents << docker_env_file_line(key, value)
-          contents << docker_env_file_line(key, ENV.fetch(key))
-        end
-
-        @env["clear"]&.each do |key, value|
-          contents << docker_env_file_line(key, value)
-        end
-      else
-        @env.fetch("clear", @env)&.each do |key, value|
-          contents << docker_env_file_line(key, value)
-        end
       end
     end.string
 

test/cli/accessory_test.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class CliAccessoryTest < CliTestCase
 
     run_command("boot", "mysql").tap do |output|
       assert_match /docker login.*on 1.1.1.3/, output
-      assert_match "docker run --name app-mysql --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 3306:3306 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --volume $PWD/app-mysql/etc/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --volume $PWD/app-mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql --label service=\"app-mysql\" mysql:5.7 on 1.1.1.3", output
+      assert_match "docker run --name app-mysql --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 3306:3306 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --env MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=\"%\" --volume $PWD/app-mysql/etc/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --volume $PWD/app-mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql --label service=\"app-mysql\" mysql:5.7 on 1.1.1.3", output
     end
   end
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class CliAccessoryTest < CliTestCase
       assert_match /docker login.*on 1.1.1.3/, output
       assert_match /docker login.*on 1.1.1.1/, output
       assert_match /docker login.*on 1.1.1.2/, output
-      assert_match "docker run --name app-mysql --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 3306:3306 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --volume $PWD/app-mysql/etc/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --volume $PWD/app-mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql --label service=\"app-mysql\" mysql:5.7 on 1.1.1.3", output
+      assert_match "docker run --name app-mysql --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 3306:3306 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --env MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=\"%\" --volume $PWD/app-mysql/etc/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --volume $PWD/app-mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql --label service=\"app-mysql\" mysql:5.7 on 1.1.1.3", output
       assert_match "docker run --name app-redis --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 6379:6379 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-redis.env --volume $PWD/app-redis/data:/data --label service=\"app-redis\" redis:latest on 1.1.1.1", output
       assert_match "docker run --name app-redis --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 6379:6379 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-redis.env --volume $PWD/app-redis/data:/data --label service=\"app-redis\" redis:latest on 1.1.1.2", output
     end

test/commands/accessory_test.rb

@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ class CommandsAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "run" do
     assert_equal \
-      "docker run --name app-mysql --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 3306:3306 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --label service=\"app-mysql\" private.registry/mysql:8.0",
+      "docker run --name app-mysql --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 3306:3306 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --env MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=\"%\" --label service=\"app-mysql\" private.registry/mysql:8.0",
       new_command(:mysql).run.join(" ")
 
     assert_equal \
-      "docker run --name app-redis --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 6379:6379 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-redis.env --volume /var/lib/redis:/data --label service=\"app-redis\" --label cache=\"true\" redis:latest",
+      "docker run --name app-redis --detach --restart unless-stopped --log-opt max-size=\"10m\" --publish 6379:6379 --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-redis.env --env SOMETHING=\"else\" --volume /var/lib/redis:/data --label service=\"app-redis\" --label cache=\"true\" redis:latest",
       new_command(:redis).run.join(" ")
 
     assert_equal \
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class CommandsAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "execute in new container" do
     assert_equal \
-      "docker run --rm --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env private.registry/mysql:8.0 mysql -u root",
+      "docker run --rm --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --env MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=\"%\" private.registry/mysql:8.0 mysql -u root",
       new_command(:mysql).execute_in_new_container("mysql", "-u", "root").join(" ")
   end
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class CommandsAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
   test "execute in new container over ssh" do
     new_command(:mysql).stub(:run_over_ssh, ->(cmd) { cmd.join(" ") }) do
-      assert_match %r{docker run -it --rm --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env private.registry/mysql:8.0 mysql -u root},
+      assert_match %r{docker run -it --rm --env-file .kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env --env MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=\"%\" private.registry/mysql:8.0 mysql -u root},
         new_command(:mysql).execute_in_new_container_over_ssh("mysql", "-u", "root")
     end
   end

test/commands/traefik_test.rb

@@ -177,14 +177,10 @@ class CommandsTraefikTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       new_command.follow_logs(host: @config[:servers].first, grep: "hello!")
   end
 
-  test "env_file" do
+  test "secrets io" do
     @config[:traefik]["env"] = { "secret" => %w[EXAMPLE_API_KEY] }
 
-    assert_equal "EXAMPLE_API_KEY=456\n", new_command.env_file.to_s
+    assert_equal "EXAMPLE_API_KEY=456\n", new_command.env.secrets_io.string
-  end
-
-  test "host_env_file_path" do
-    assert_equal ".kamal/env/traefik/traefik.env", new_command.host_env_file_path
   end
 
   test "make_env_directory" do

test/configuration/accessory_test.rb

@@ -113,29 +113,25 @@ class ConfigurationAccessoryTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test "env args" do
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env" ], @config.accessory(:mysql).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env", "--env", "MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=\"%\"" ], @config.accessory(:mysql).env_args
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/accessories/app-redis.env" ], @config.accessory(:redis).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/accessories/app-redis.env", "--env", "SOMETHING=\"else\"" ], @config.accessory(:redis).env_args
   end
 
-  test "env file with secret" do
+  test "env with secrets" do
     ENV["MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"] = "secret123"
 
-    expected = <<~ENV
+    expected_secrets_file = <<~ENV
       MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=secret123
-      MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=%
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected, @config.accessory(:mysql).env_file.to_s
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config.accessory(:mysql).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env", "--env", "MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=\"%\"" ], @config.accessory(:mysql).env_args
   ensure
     ENV["MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"] = nil
   end
 
-  test "host_env_directory" do
+  test "env secrets path" do
-    assert_equal ".kamal/env/accessories", @config.accessory(:mysql).host_env_directory
+    assert_equal ".kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env", @config.accessory(:mysql).env.secrets_file
-  end
-
-  test "host_env_file_path" do
-    assert_equal ".kamal/env/accessories/app-mysql.env", @config.accessory(:mysql).host_env_file_path
   end
 
   test "volume args" do

test/configuration/env_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+require "test_helper"
+
+class ConfigurationEnvTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  require "test_helper"
+
+  test "simple" do
+    assert_config \
+      config: { "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "haz" },
+      clear: { "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "haz" },
+      secrets: {}
+  end
+
+  test "clear" do
+    assert_config \
+      config: { "clear" => { "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "haz" } },
+      clear: { "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "haz" },
+      secrets: {}
+  end
+
+  test "secret" do
+    ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello"
+    env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] }
+
+    assert_config \
+      config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] },
+      clear: {},
+      secrets: { "PASSWORD" => "hello" }
+  ensure
+    ENV.delete "PASSWORD"
+  end
+
+  test "missing secret" do
+    env = {
+      "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ]
+    }
+
+    assert_raises(KeyError) { Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config(config: { "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ] }).secrets }
+  end
+
+  test "secret and clear" do
+    ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello"
+    config = {
+      "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ],
+      "clear" => {
+        "foo" => "bar",
+        "baz" => "haz"
+      }
+    }
+
+    assert_config \
+      config: config,
+      clear: { "foo" => "bar", "baz" => "haz" },
+      secrets: { "PASSWORD" => "hello" }
+  ensure
+    ENV.delete "PASSWORD"
+  end
+
+  test "stringIO conversion" do
+    env = {
+      "foo" => "bar",
+      "baz" => "haz"
+    }
+
+    assert_equal "foo=bar\nbaz=haz\n", \
+      StringIO.new(Kamal::EnvFile.new(env)).read
+  end
+
+  private
+    def assert_config(config:, clear:, secrets:)
+      env = Kamal::Configuration::Env.from_config config: config
+      assert_equal clear, env.clear
+      assert_equal secrets, env.secrets
+    end
+end

test/configuration/role_test.rb

@@ -70,14 +70,10 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test "env overwritten by role" do
-    assert_equal "redis://a/b", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env["REDIS_URL"]
+    assert_equal "redis://a/b", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.clear["REDIS_URL"]
 
-    expected_env = <<~ENV
+    assert_equal "\n", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
-      REDIS_URL=redis://a/b
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
-      WEB_CONCURRENCY=4
-    ENV
-
-    assert_equal expected_env, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_file.to_s
   end
 
   test "container name" do
@@ -90,7 +86,7 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   end
 
   test "env args" do
-    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
   end
 
   test "env secret overwritten by role" do
@@ -116,14 +112,13 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = "secret456"
     ENV["DB_PASSWORD"] = "secret&\"123"
 
-    expected = <<~ENV
+    expected_secrets_file = <<~ENV
       REDIS_PASSWORD=secret456
       DB_PASSWORD=secret&\"123
-      REDIS_URL=redis://a/b
-      WEB_CONCURRENCY=4
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_file.to_s
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
   ensure
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = nil
     ENV["DB_PASSWORD"] = nil
@@ -142,13 +137,12 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
     ENV["DB_PASSWORD"] = "secret123"
 
-    expected = <<~ENV
+    expected_secrets_file = <<~ENV
       DB_PASSWORD=secret123
-      REDIS_URL=redis://a/b
-      WEB_CONCURRENCY=4
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_file.to_s
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
   ensure
     ENV["DB_PASSWORD"] = nil
   end
@@ -165,13 +159,12 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = "secret456"
 
-    expected = <<~ENV
+    expected_secrets_file = <<~ENV
       REDIS_PASSWORD=secret456
-      REDIS_URL=redis://a/b
-      WEB_CONCURRENCY=4
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_file.to_s
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://a/b\"", "--env", "WEB_CONCURRENCY=\"4\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
   ensure
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = nil
   end
@@ -194,22 +187,18 @@ class ConfigurationRoleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = "secret456"
 
-    expected = <<~ENV
+    expected_secrets_file = <<~ENV
       REDIS_PASSWORD=secret456
-      REDIS_URL=redis://c/d
     ENV
 
-    assert_equal expected, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_file.to_s
+    assert_equal expected_secrets_file, @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_io.string
+    assert_equal [ "--env-file", ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", "--env", "REDIS_URL=\"redis://c/d\"" ], @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env_args
   ensure
     ENV["REDIS_PASSWORD"] = nil
   end
 
-  test "host_env_directory" do
+  test "env secrets_file" do
-    assert_equal ".kamal/env/roles", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).host_env_directory
+    assert_equal ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).env.secrets_file
-  end
-
-  test "host_env_file_path" do
-    assert_equal ".kamal/env/roles/app-workers.env", @config_with_roles.role(:workers).host_env_file_path
   end
 
   test "uses cord" do

test/env_file_test.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require "test_helper"
 
 class EnvFileTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
-  test "env file simple" do
+  test "to_s" do
     env = {
       "foo" => "bar",
       "baz" => "haz"
@@ -11,80 +11,27 @@ class EnvFileTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
       Kamal::EnvFile.new(env).to_s
   end
 
-  test "env file clear" do
+  test "to_s empty" do
-    env = {
-      "clear" => {
-        "foo" => "bar",
-        "baz" => "haz"
-      }
-    }
-
-    assert_equal "foo=bar\nbaz=haz\n", \
-      Kamal::EnvFile.new(env).to_s
-  end
-
-  test "env file empty" do
     assert_equal "\n", Kamal::EnvFile.new({}).to_s
   end
 
-  test "env file secret" do
+  test "to_s escaped newline" do
-    ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello"
     env = {
-      "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ]
+      "foo" => "hello\\nthere"
     }
 
-    assert_equal "PASSWORD=hello\n", \
+    assert_equal "foo=hello\\\\nthere\n", \
       Kamal::EnvFile.new(env).to_s
   ensure
     ENV.delete "PASSWORD"
   end
 
-  test "env file secret escaped newline" do
+  test "to_s newline" do
-    ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello\\nthere"
     env = {
-      "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ]
+      "foo" => "hello\nthere"
     }
 
-    assert_equal "PASSWORD=hello\\\\nthere\n", \
+    assert_equal "foo=hello\\nthere\n", \
-      Kamal::EnvFile.new(env).to_s
-  ensure
-    ENV.delete "PASSWORD"
-  end
-
-  test "env file secret newline" do
-    ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello\nthere"
-    env = {
-      "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ]
-    }
-
-    assert_equal "PASSWORD=hello\\nthere\n", \
-      Kamal::EnvFile.new(env).to_s
-  ensure
-    ENV.delete "PASSWORD"
-  end
-
-  test "env file missing secret" do
-    env = {
-      "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ]
-    }
-
-    assert_raises(KeyError) { Kamal::EnvFile.new(env).to_s }
-
-  ensure
-    ENV.delete "PASSWORD"
-  end
-
-  test "env file secret and clear" do
-    ENV["PASSWORD"] = "hello"
-    env = {
-      "secret" => [ "PASSWORD" ],
-      "clear" => {
-        "foo" => "bar",
-        "baz" => "haz"
-      }
-    }
-
-    assert_equal "PASSWORD=hello\nfoo=bar\nbaz=haz\n", \
       Kamal::EnvFile.new(env).to_s
   ensure
     ENV.delete "PASSWORD"

test/integration/main_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ class MainTest < IntegrationTest
   test "envify, deploy, redeploy, rollback, details and audit" do
     kamal :envify
     assert_local_env_file "SECRET_TOKEN=1234"
-    assert_remote_env_file "SECRET_TOKEN=1234\nCLEAR_TOKEN=4321"
+    assert_remote_env_file "SECRET_TOKEN=1234"
     remove_local_env_file
 
     first_version = latest_app_version
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ class MainTest < IntegrationTest
     kamal :deploy
     assert_app_is_up version: first_version
     assert_hooks_ran "pre-connect", "pre-build", "pre-deploy", "post-deploy"
+    assert_env :CLEAR_TOKEN, "4321", version: first_version
+    assert_env :SECRET_TOKEN, "1234", version: first_version
 
     second_version = update_app_rev
 
@@ -94,6 +96,10 @@ class MainTest < IntegrationTest
       assert_equal contents, deployer_exec("cat .env", capture: true)
     end
 
+    def assert_env(key, value, version:)
+      assert_equal "#{key}=#{value}", docker_compose("exec vm1 docker exec app-web-#{version} env | grep #{key}", capture: true)
+    end
+
     def remove_local_env_file
       deployer_exec("rm .env")
     end